Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Detection of mouse Phospho MCM2 (S40/S41) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of mouse squamous cell carcinoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho MCM2 (S40/S41). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho MCM2 (S40/S41) (Cat. No. AAA213777) used at a dilution of 1:250. Detection: DAB)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of human Phospho MCM2 (S40/S41) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of human colon adenocarcinoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho MCM2 (S40/S41). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho MCM2 (S40/S41) (Cat. No. AAA213777) used at a dilution of 1:250. Detection: DAB staining using anti-rabbit IHC antibody (Cat. No. at a dilution of 1:100.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Detection of human Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523) by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of human breast carcinoma. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523) (Cat. No. AAA213802) used at a dilution of 1:100. Detection: Red-fluorescent Alexa Fluor 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen) used at a dilution of 1:500.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Detection of human Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of human breast adenocarcinoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523) (Cat. No. AAA213802) used at a dilution of 1:250. Detection: DAB)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of mouse Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of mouse squamous cell carcinoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho XRCC1 (S518/T519/T523) (Cat. No. AAA213802) used at a dilution of 1:250. Detection: DAB)
WB (Western Blot) (Figure 1. Western blot analysis of ULK1 using anti-ULK1 antibody (AAA128121).Electrophoresis was performed on a 5-20% SDS-PAGE gel at 70V (Stacking gel)/90V (Resolving gel) for 2-3 hours. The sample well of each lane was loaded with 30 ug of sample under reducing conditions.Lane 1: human 293T whole cell lysates,Lane 2: human MCF-7 whole cell lysates,Lane 3: human A549 whole cell lysates,Lane 4: rat PC-12 whole cell lysates,Lane 5: mouse NIH/3T3 whole cell lysates.After electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane at 150 mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% non-fat milk/TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-ULK1 antigen affinity purified monoclonal antibody (#AAA128121) at 1:500 overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:5000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for ULK1 at approximately 150 kDa. The expected band size for ULK1 is at 113 kDa.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis using the Antibody at 1:150 dilution.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis using the Antibody at 1:50 dilution.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human breast carcinoma tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr222/205) Monoclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human colon carcinoma tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr222/205) Monoclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human breast carcinoma tissue with Phospho-Akt (Ser473) Monoclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human lung carcinoma tissue with Phospho-Akt (Ser473) Monoclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of PC-3 cells with Phospho-Akt (Ser473) Monoclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Mouse spleen tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Thr202) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human colon tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Thr202) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of KB cells with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Thr202) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Human lung tissue with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Tyr185) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Rat testis tissue with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Tyr185) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Tyr185) Polyclonal Antibody)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Rat testis tissue with Phospho-FoxO3A (Ser253) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of Hela cells with Phospho-FoxO3A (Ser253) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:2000)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Mouse brain tissue with Phospho-FAK (Tyr397) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human stomach cancer tissue with Phospho-FAK (Tyr397) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of 293T cells with Phospho-FAK (Tyr397) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Mouse liver tissue with Phospho-GSK3?/? (Tyr279/216) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Rat testis tissue with Phospho-GSK3?/? (Tyr279/216) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-GSK3?/? (Tyr279/216) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat spleen tissue with Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85/p55 (Tyr467/199) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human colon tissue with Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85/p55 (Tyr467/199) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85/p55 (Tyr467/199) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat heart tissue with Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85? (Tyr607) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue with Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85? (Tyr607) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of KB cells with Phospho-PI 3-kinase p85? (Tyr607) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat testis tissue with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Thr183) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse liver with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Thr183) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:50)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Thr183) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue with Phospho-MEK-1/2 (Ser218/222) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of 293T cells with Phospho-MEK-1/2 (Ser218/222) Polyclonal Antibody)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat spleen tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human uterus tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of HepG2 cells with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:2000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Mouse lung tissue with Phospho-CREB-1 (Ser133) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human uterus tissue with Phospho-CREB-1 (Ser133) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-CREB-1 (Ser133) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-c-Myc (S62) expression in HeLa cell lysate (AAA124524).Electrophoresis was performed on a 5-20% SDS-PAGE gel at 70V (Stacking gel) / 90V (Resolving gel) for 2-3 hours. The sample well of each lane was loaded with 50ug of sample under reducing conditions.After Electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a Nitrocellulose membrane at 150mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% Non-fat Milk/ TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-MYC monoclonal antibody overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:10000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for MYC)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, using Phospho-c-Myc (S62) Antibody (AAA124524)MYC was detected in paraffin-embedded tissue section. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1ug/ml rabbit anti-MYC Antibody (AAA124524)overnight at 4 degree C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB as the chromogen.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-GATA3 (S308) Jurkat cell lysate treated with Bromo-cAMP (AAA124531).Electrophoresis was performed on a 5-20% SDS-PAGE gel at 70V (Stacking gel) / 90V (Resolving gel) for 2-3 hours. The sample well of each lane was loaded with 50ug of sample under reducing conditions.After Electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a Nitrocellulose membrane at 150mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% Non-fat Milk/ TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-GATA3 monoclonal antibody overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:10000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for GATA3)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human bladder cancer, using Phospho-GATA3 (S308) Antibody(AAA124531)GATA3 was detected in paraffin-embedded tissue section. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1ug/ml rabbit anti-GATA3 Antibody (AAA124531)overnight at 4 degree C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB as the chromogen.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-DNA PKcs (Ser2056) expression in alkaline treated Jurkat cell lysate (AAA124532).Electrophoresis was performed on a 5-20% SDS-PAGE gel at 70V (Stacking gel) / 90V (Resolving gel) for 2-3 hours. The sample well of each lane was loaded with 50ug of sample under reducing conditions.After Electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a Nitrocellulose membrane at 150mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% Non-fat Milk/ TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-PRKDC monoclonal antibody overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:10000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for PRKDC)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon, using Phospho-DNA PKcs (S2056) Antibody(AAA124532)PRKDC was detected in paraffin-embedded tissue section. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1ug/ml rabbit anti-PRKDC Antibody (AAA124532)overnight at 4 degree C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB as the chromogen.)
Immunoprecipitation, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-chromatography
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Synapsin I (S9) expression in (1) Human brain lysate; (2) Human brain lysate treated with AP (AAA124538).Electrophoresis was performed on a 5-20% SDS-PAGE gel at 70V (Stacking gel) / 90V (Resolving gel) for 2-3 hours. The sample well of each lane was loaded with 50ug of sample under reducing conditions.After Electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a Nitrocellulose membrane at 150mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% Non-fat Milk/ TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-SYN1 monoclonal antibody overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:10000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for SYN1)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Histone H14 (T17) expression in Jurkat cell lysate (AAA124540).Electrophoresis was performed on a 5-20% SDS-PAGE gel at 70V (Stacking gel) / 90V (Resolving gel) for 2-3 hours. The sample well of each lane was loaded with 50ug of sample under reducing conditions.After Electrophoresis, proteins were transferred to a Nitrocellulose membrane at 150mA for 50-90 minutes. Blocked the membrane with 5% Non-fat Milk/ TBS for 1.5 hour at RT. The membrane was incubated with rabbit anti-HIST1H1E monoclonal antibody overnight at 4 degree C, then washed with TBS-0.1%Tween 3 times with 5 minutes each and probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:10000 for 1.5 hour at RT. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit with Tanon 5200 system. A specific band was detected for HIST1H1E)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse colon, using Phospho-Histone H14 (T17) Antibody(AAA124540)HIST1H1E was detected in paraffin-embedded tissue section. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution) for 20 mins. The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 1ug/ml rabbit anti-HIST1H1E Antibody (AAA124540)overnight at 4 degree C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degree C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB as the chromogen.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis of LIMK1/2 (pT508/505) staining in PC12 cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight 594-conjugated secondary antibody (red) in PBS at room temperature in the dark.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of LIMK1/2 (pT508/505) staining in human breast cancer formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0). The section was then incubated with the antibody at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of LIMK1/2 (pT508/505) expression in PC12 (A) whole cell lysates.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of PTP1B (pS50) staining in human breast cancer formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0). The section was then incubated with the antibody at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of PTP1B (pS50) expression in COLO205 (A), human muscle (B), mouse heart (C) whole cell lysates.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis of SMAD3 (pS204) staining in HeLa cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight 594-conjugated secondary antibody (red) in PBS at room temperature in the dark.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of SMAD3 (pS204) expression in HeLa UV-treated (A), SP2/0 UV-treated (B), H9C2 UV-treated (C) whole cell lysates.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis of Focal Adhesion Kinase (pY925) staining in NIH3T3 cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight 594-conjugated secondary antibody (red) in PBS at room temperature in the dark.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Focal Adhesion Kinase (pY925) expression in NIH3T3 pervanadate-treated (A) whole cell lysates.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis of STAT1 (pS727) staining in NIH3T3 cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight 594-conjugated secondary antibody (red) in PBS at room temperature in the dark.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of STAT1 (pS727) staining in human breast cancer formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0). The section was then incubated with the antibody at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of STAT1 (pS727) expression in A431 (A), NIH3T3 insulin-treated (B), Jurkat pervanadate-treated (C) whole cell lysates.)
Immunoprecipitation, Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
The antibody was purified by immunogen affinity chromatography.
Pricing
What Are Phospho Antibodies?
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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