Polyclonal Antibodies

At AAA Biotech, we provide a broad range of purified polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) that are able to all be browsed online through our website. Due to their high specificity and strong binding affinity, these antibodies are ideal for wide swathes of research and experimental applications.

Our polyclonal antibodies can easily support your work, whether you use them for Western Blotting, Immunocytochemistry (with or without Immunofluorescence used in conjunction), Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, and ELISA tests. We highly encourage you to browse our range of pAbs and choose the one that best suits your experimental model.

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IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Human Pancreas Cancer Tissue.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Human Breast Cancer Tissue.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Human Liver Tissue.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Human Kidney Tissue;Primary Ab: 10ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Human PGD2S AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Western Blot))

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Prostaglandin D2 Synthase, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20870)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Prostaglandin D2 Synthase, Brain (PGD2S)

Gene Names

PTGDS; PDS; PGD2; PGDS; LPGDS; PGDS2; L-PGDS

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Pig

Applications

WB, ICC, IHC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$235/0.1 mL $290/0.2 mL $435/0.5 mL $520/1 mL $1,345/5 mL $2,590/2x5 mL $3,770/3x5 mL $4,885/4x5 mL $5,965/5x5 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Mouse Small Intestine Tissue;Primary Ab: 20ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Mouse MUC5B AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog:))

IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Mouse Uterus Tissue;Primary Ab: 20ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Mouse MUC5B AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Immunohistochemistry))

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Mouse Pancreas Tissue.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Mouse Ovary Tissue.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Mouse Uterus Tissue)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot:Sample: Recombinant MUC5B, Mouse.)

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Mucin 5 Subtype B (MUC5B), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20134)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Mucin 5 Subtype B (MUC5B)

Gene Names

Muc5b; MUC5; MUC9; AV085033; mucin 5b; A130042M24; 2300002I04Rik

Reactivity

Mouse

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$230/0.1 mL $265/0.2 mL $400/0.5 mL $475/1 mL $1,240/5 mL $2,400/2x5 mL $3,490/3x5 mL $4,520/4x5 mL $5,495/5x5 mL

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IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-PSamples: Mouse Testis TissuePrimary Ab: 10ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Mouse HMGCS AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Immunohistochemistry))

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P; Samples: Mouse Kidney Tissue.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: Sample: Recombinant HMGCS, Mouse.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: Sample: Lane1: Human Hela Cells; Lane2: Human HepG2 Cells; Lane3: Human A431 Cells.)

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Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20849)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase (HMGCS)

Gene Names

Hmgcs1; B130032C06Rik

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography.

Pricing

$240/0.1 mL $305/0.2 mL $460/0.5 mL $555/1 mL $1,445/5 mL $2,790/2x5 mL $4,065/3x5 mL $5,270/4x5 mL $6,430/5x5 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa, C6 and NIH/3T3 cells, using AAA14717.)

WB (Western Blot) (Immunoprecipitation of cPLA2 from untreated and TNF-alpha treated HeLa cells followed by Western blot analysis, using AAA14717.)

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c-Phospholipase A2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA14717)

Full Name

c-Phospholipase A2 (Cytosolic PLA2, cPLA2)

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation

Purity

Purified by Protein A and peptide affinity chromatography

Pricing

$805/0.1 mL $1,530/2x0.1 mL $2,225/3x0.1 mL $2,885/4x0.1 mL $3,300/5x0.1 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells using SMO Polyclonal Antibody (AAA10769) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens). Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of C6 cells using SMO Polyclonal Antibody (AAA10769) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens). Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat brain using SMO antibody (40x lens).)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of Mouse brain, using SMO antibody (AAA10769) at 1:500 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST. Detection: ECL Basic Kit. Exposure time: 180s)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using SMO antibody (AAA10769) at 1:500 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST. Detection: ECL Enhanced Kit. Exposure time: 120s)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using SMO antibody at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Enhanced Kit.Exposure time: 30s)

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SMO, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10769)

Full Name

smo

Gene Names

SMO; Gx; SMOH; FZD11

Applications

Western Blot

Purity

Affinity purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot;Sample:Lane 1: Rat Small intestine lysate;Lane 2: Mouse Stomach lysatePrimary Ab: 0.4ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Rat GAL9 AntibodySecond Ab: 0.2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti- Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: Sample: Recombinant protein.)

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Galectin 9 (GAL9), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20158)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Galectin 9 (GAL9)

Reactivity

Mouse, Rat

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$240/0.1 mL $305/0.2 mL $460/0.5 mL $555/1 mL $1,445/5 mL $2,790/2x5 mL $4,065/3x5 mL $5,270/4x5 mL $6,430/5x5 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Rat Liver Tissue;Primary Ab: 20ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Rat AST AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Immunohistchemistry))

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Rat Intestine Tissue)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Rat Kidney Tissue)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot:Sample:Lane 1: Rat Brain Tissue;Lane 2: Rat Heart Tissue;Lane 3: Rat Liver Tissue;Lane 4: Rat Kidney Tissue.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot:Sample: Recombinant AST, Rat.)

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Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20164)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

Gene Names

Got1; ASAT; cCAT; Aspat; Gaspat; cAspAT

Reactivity

Rat, Human, Mouse

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$245/0.1 mL $310/0.2 mL $475/0.5 mL $580/1 mL $1,520/5 mL $2,945/2x5 mL $4,285/3x5 mL $5,555/4x5 mL $6,790/5x5 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Sample: Mouse Kidney Tissue;Primary Ab: 20ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Mouse EPCR AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Immunohistochemistry))

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P; Samples: Mouse Testis Tissue.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: Sample: Recombinant PROCR, Mouse.)

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Protein C Receptor, Endothelial (PROCR), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20114)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Protein C Receptor, Endothelial (PROCR)

Gene Names

Procr; Ccca; Epcr; Ccd41; AI325044

Reactivity

Mouse

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$235/0.1 mL $295/0.2 mL $440/0.5 mL $530/1 mL $1,385/5 mL $2,670/2x5 mL $3,885/3x5 mL $5,035/4x5 mL $6,105/5x5 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA31072 staining HeLa by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA31072 staining COS7 cells by ICC/IF. Cells were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% saponin prior to blocking in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 37 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted 1/400 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. A Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG (H+L), diluted 1/600 was used as secondary antibody.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA31072 at 1/100 staining Mouse liver tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-LKB1 (Ser428) Antibody expression in PMA treated Hela cells lysates.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of LKB1 phosphorylation expression in PMA treated HeLa whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)

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LKB1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31072)

Full Name

Phospho-LKB1 (Ser428) Antibody

Gene Names

STK11; PJS; LKB1; hLKB1

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry

Purity

From purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.

Pricing

$360/0.1 mL $415/0.2 mL $785/2x0.2 mL $1,130/3x0.2 mL $1,455/4x0.2 mL $1,555/5x0.2 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of U-251MG cells using VHL Polyclonal Antibody (AAA10644) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens). Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney using VHL Rabbit pAb at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).Perform high pressure antigen retrieval with 10 mM citrate buffer pH 6.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using VHL antibody (AAA10644) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 30s.)

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VHL, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10644)

Full Name

VHL Polyclonal Antibody

Gene Names

VHL; RCA1; VHL1; pVHL; HRCA1

Applications

Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer using MMP25 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human lung cancer using MMP25 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using MMP25 antibody (AAA10688) at 1:400 dilution. Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti- Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution. Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST)

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MMP25, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10688)

Full Name

MMP25 Polyclonal Antibody

Gene Names

MMP25; MMP20; MMPL1; MMP-25; MMP20A; MT6MMP; MTMMP6; MT-MMP6; MT6-MMP; MT-MMP 6

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of SMURF2 in human uterus tissue with SMURF2 antibody at 2 ug/ml)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence of SMURF2 in mouse liver tissue with SMURF2 antibody at 20 ug/ml. Green: SMURF2 Antibody (AAA10972) Blue: DAPI staining.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of SMURF2 in mouse liver tissue with SMURF2 antibody at 2 μg/ml.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence of SMURF2 in human uterus tissue with SMURF2 antibody at 20 μg/ml.Green: SMURF2 Antibody (AAA10972)Blue: DAPI staining)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence of SMURF2 in mouse liver tissue with SMURF2 antibody at 20 μg/mL.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of SMURF2 in mouse liver tissue with SMURF2 antibody at 5 μg/mL.)

WB (Western Blot) (SMURF2 Antibody)

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SMURF2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10972)

Full Name

SMURF2 Antibody

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence

Purity

SMURF2 antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.

Pricing

$570/0.1 mg $1,080/2x0.1 mg $1,560/3x0.1 mg $2,015/4x0.1 mg $2,295/5x0.1 mg

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence of SHANK3 in human brain tissue with SHANK3 antibody at 20 μg/mL.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of SHANK3 in human brain tissue with SHANK3 antibody at 2.5 μg/mL.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of SHANK3 in 3T3 cell lysate with SHANK3 antibody at 1 μg/ml in (A) the absence and (B) the presence of blocking peptide.)

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SHANK3, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10913)

Full Name

SHANK3 Antibody

Gene Names

SHANK3; PSAP2; SCZD15; PROSAP2; SPANK-2; DEL22q13.3

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence

Purity

SHANK3 Antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.

Pricing

$570/0.1 mg $1,080/2x0.1 mg $1,560/3x0.1 mg $2,015/4x0.1 mg $2,295/5x0.1 mg

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of A2M expression in A375 (A), LO2 (B), PC12 (C) whole cell lysates.)

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A2M, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA27800)

Full Name

Anti-A2M Antibody

Gene Names

A2M; A2MD; CPAMD5; FWP007; S863-7

Reactivity

Human, Rat, Monkey

Applications

Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was purified by immunogen affinity chromatography.

Pricing

$255/0.03 mL $285/0.05 mL $345/0.1 mL $435/0.2 mL $830/2x0.2 mL $1,190/3x0.2 mL $1,530/4x0.2 mL $1,655/5x0.2 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence of NINJ1 in mouse brain tissue with NINJ1 antibody at 20 μg/ml.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of NINJ1 in mouse brain tissue with NINJ1 antibody at 5 μg/ml.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of NINJ1 in human brain tissue lysate with NINJ1 antibody at 1 μg/ml.)

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NINJ1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10975)

Full Name

NINJ1 Antibody

Gene Names

NINJ1; NIN1; NINJURIN

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence

Purity

NINJ1 antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.

Pricing

$570/0.1 mg $1,080/2x0.1 mg $1,560/3x0.1 mg $2,015/4x0.1 mg $2,295/5x0.1 mg

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P; Samples: Human Stomach cancer Tissue; Primary Ab: 10ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Human VNN1 AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG PolyclonalAntibody (Immunofluorescence))

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Human Kidney Tissue)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Human Stomach Cancer Tissue.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Human Stomach cancer Tissue;Primary Ab: 10ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Human VNN1 AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: Lane1: Mouse Kidney Tissue;Lane2: Mouse Spleen Tissue;Lane3: Human BXPC-3 Cells;Lane4: Human PC-3 Cells.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: Sample: Recombinant VNN1, Human.)

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Vanin 1 (VNN1), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20071)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Vanin 1 (VNN1)

Gene Names

VNN1; HDLCQ8; Tiff66

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

WB, ICC, IHC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$245/0.1 mL $305/0.2 mL $465/0.5 mL $565/1 mL $1,480/5 mL $2,865/2x5 mL $4,170/3x5 mL $5,405/4x5 mL $6,570/5x5 mL

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of GPR84 expression in A431 whole cell lysates)

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GPR84, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA31105)

Full Name

GPR84 Antibody

Gene Names

GPR84; EX33; GPCR4

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry

Purity

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink^TM Coupling Resin (Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Pricing

$360/0.1 mL $415/0.2 mL $785/2x0.2 mL $1,130/3x0.2 mL $1,455/4x0.2 mL $1,555/5x0.2 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 8 Immunohistochemistry Validation of ATF6 in Rat Brain Tissue Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat brain tissue using anti-ATF6 antibody (AAA10937) at 5 ug/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 7 Immunohistochemistry Validation of ATF6 in Mouse Brain Tissue Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti-ATF6 antibody (AAA10937) at 5 ug/ml. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 6 Immunofluorescence Validation of ATF6 in Human Testis Cells Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehydefixed human testis labeling ATF6 with AAA10937 at 20 ug/mL, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green) and DAPI staining (blue).)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 5 Immunofluorescence Validation of ATF6 In A549 Cells Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehydefixed A549 cells labeling ATF6 with AAA10937 at 20 ug/mL, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green) and DAPI staining (blue).)

WB (Western Blot) (Loading: 15 ug of rat kidney lysate Antibodies: ATF6 (AAA10937), 1 ug/mL , 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.)

WB (Western Blot) (Figure 3 WB Validation in Mouse Tissue Loading: 15 ug of mouse tissue lysate Antibodies: ATF6 (AAA10937), 1 ug/mL , 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.)

WB (Western Blot) (Figure 2 WB Validation in Human Cell Lines Loading: 15 ug of human cell lysate Antibodies ATF6 (AAA10937), 1 ug/mL , 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution. conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.)

WB (Western Blot) (Loading: 15 ug of human HeLa cell lysate Antibodies ATF6 (150934), 0.5 ug/mL , 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.)

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ATF6, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10937)

Full Name

ATF6 Antibody

Gene Names

ATF6; ATF6A

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence

Purity

ATF6 Antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.

Pricing

$570/0.1 mg $1,080/2x0.1 mg $1,560/3x0.1 mg $2,015/4x0.1 mg $2,295/5x0.1 mg

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WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot; Sample: Rat Spleen lysatePrimary Ab: 1ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Human LIF AntibodySecond Ab: 0.2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog:))

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: Sample: Recombinant LIF, Human.)

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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20875)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)

Gene Names

LIF; CDF; DIA; HILDA; MLPLI

Reactivity

Human, Rat

Applications

WB, IHC

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$210/0.1 mL $235/0.2 mL $345/0.5 mL $395/1 mL $990/5 mL $1,910/2x5 mL $2,775/3x5 mL $3,595/4x5 mL $4,335/5x5 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence of MMP9 in human lung tissue with MMP9 antibody at 20 μg/mL.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of MMP9 in human lung tissue with MMP9 antibody at 2.5 μg/mL.)

WB (Western Blot) (MMP9 Antibody)

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MMP9, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10971)

Full Name

MMP9 Antibody

Gene Names

MMP9; GELB; CLG4B; MMP-9; MANDP2

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

MMP9 Antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.

Pricing

$570/0.1 mg $1,080/2x0.1 mg $1,560/3x0.1 mg $2,015/4x0.1 mg $2,295/5x0.1 mg

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence of IL-9 in human spleen tissue with IL-9 antibody at 20 μg/mL.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of IL-9 in human spleen tissue with IL-9 antibody at 5 μg/mL.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of IL-9 in human spleen tissue lysate at 1 μg/ml.)

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IL-9, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10969)

Full Name

IL-9 Antibody

Gene Names

IL9; P40; HP40; IL-9

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence

Purity

IL-9 Antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.

Pricing

$570/0.1 mg $1,080/2x0.1 mg $1,560/3x0.1 mg $2,015/4x0.1 mg $2,295/5x0.1 mg

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using BMPR1A antibody (AAA10766) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Enhanced KitExposure Time: 90s)

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BMPR1A, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10766)

Full Name

BMPR1A Polyclonal Antibody

Gene Names

BMPR1A; ALK3; SKR5; CD292; ACVRLK3; 10q23del

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Western Blot

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human trachea using ATPIF1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer using ATPIF1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human stomach using ATPIF1 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)

IP (Immunoprecipitation) (Immunoprecipitation analysis of 300 ug extracts of K-562 cells using 3ug [KO Validated] ATPIF1 Rabbit pAb (AAA10772). Western blot was performed from theimmunoprecipitate using [KO Validated] ATPIF1 Rabbit pAb (AAA10772) at a dilution of 1:3000)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using [KO Validated] ATPIF1 Rabbit pAb (AAA10772) at dilution of 1:100. Secondary antibody: Cy3 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from wild type(WT) and ATPIF1 knockout (KO) 293T(KO)cells, using [KO Validated] ATPIF1 Rabbit pAb (AAA10772) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (at 1:10000 dilution. Lysates/proteins: 25?g per lane. Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST. Detection: ECL Basic Kit Exposure time: 1s.)

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ATPIF1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10772)

Full Name

ATPIF1 Polyclonal Antibody

Gene Names

ATPIF1; IP; ATPI; ATPIP

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry, Immunoprecipitation

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$285/0.02 mL $500/0.1 mL $955/2x0.1 mL $1,385/3x0.1 mL $1,780/4x0.1 mL $1,960/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human brain using Myelin Basic Protein Rabbit pAb (AAA10723) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat brain using Myelin Basic Protein Rabbit pAb (AAA10723) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens))

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse brain using Myelin Basic Protein Rabbit pAb (AAA10723) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens))

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse kidney using MBP antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat kidney using MBP antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using MBP antibody at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.)

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MBP, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10723)

Full Name

MBP Polyclonal Antibody

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of MCF-7 cells using MID1 antibody (AAA28180). Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cells, using MID1 Rabbit pAb (AAA28180) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane. Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).Exposure time: 60s.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using MID1 antibody (AAA28180) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Enhanced Kit.Exposure time: 90s.)

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MID1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28180)

Full Name

MID1 Polyclonal Antibody

Gene Names

MID1; OS; FXY; OSX; OGS1; XPRF; BBBG1; GBBB1; MIDIN; RNF59; ZNFXY; TRIM18

Applications

Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer using CYP24A1 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer using CYP24A1 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse kidney using CYP24A1 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat pancreas using CYP24A1 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat kidney using CYP24A1 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat lung using CYP24A1 antibody at dilution of 1:200 (40x lens).)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of Mouse kidney, using CYP24A1 antibody (AAA10721) at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane. Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST. Detection: ECL Enhanced Kit. Exposure time: 180s.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using CYP24A1 antibody at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.)

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CYP24A1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10721)

Full Name

CYP24A1

Gene Names

CYP24A1; CP24; HCAI; CYP24; P450-CC24

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry

Purity

Affinity purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

WB (Western Blot) (Sample: Recombinant OSM, Mouse.)

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Oncostatin M (OSM), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20125)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Oncostatin M (OSM)

Gene Names

Osm; OncoM

Reactivity

Mouse

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$235/0.1 mL $295/0.2 mL $440/0.5 mL $530/1 mL $1,385/5 mL $2,670/2x5 mL $3,885/3x5 mL $5,035/4x5 mL $6,105/5x5 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (EIF2S1 Antibody (N-term) (Cat. #AAA28744)immunohistochemistry analysis in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded human stomach tissue followed by peroxidase conjugation of the secondary antibody and DAB staining.This data demonstrates the use of EIF2S1 Antibody (N-term) for immunohistochemistry. Clinical relevance has not been evaluated.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of EIF2S1 Antibody (N-term) (Cat#AAA28744) with Hela cell followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG (green). DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclear (blue).)

WB (Western Blot) (EIF2S1 Antibody (N-term) (Cat. #AAA28744) western blot analysis in mouse bladder tissue lysates (35ug/lane).This demonstrates the EIF2S1 antibody detected the EIF2S1 protein (arrow).)

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EIF2S1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA28744)

Full Name

EIF2S1 Antibody (N-term)

Gene Names

EIF2S1; EIF2; EIF-2; EIF2A; EIF-2A; EIF-2alpha

Reactivity

Mouse (Predicted Reactivity: Zebrafish, Bovine, Chicken, Drosophila, Pig, Rat, Yeast)

Applications

Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry

Purity

This antibody is purified through a protein A column, followed by peptide affinity purification.

Pricing

$275/0.08 mL $510/0.4 mL $975/2x0.4 mL $1,415/3x0.4 mL $1,825/4x0.4 mL $2,070/5x0.4 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot; Sample: Mouse Heart lysate;Primary Ab: 1ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Mouse MFAP5 AntibodySecond Ab: 0.2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody)

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot;Sample: Mouse Gallbladder lysate;Primary Ab: 1ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Mouse MFAP5 AntibodySecond Ab: 0.2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody Selected)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (DAB staining on IHC-P;Samples: Mouse Kidney Tissue;Primary Ab: 20ug/ml Rabbit Anti-Mouse MFAP5 AntibodySecond Ab: 2ug/mL HRP-Linked Caprine Anti-Rabbit IgG Polyclonal Antibody (Immunohistochemistry))

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Microfibrillar Associated Protein 5, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20948)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Microfibrillar Associated Protein 5 (MFAP5)

Gene Names

Mfap5; MAGP-2; MFAP-5

Reactivity

Mouse

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$245/0.1 mL $310/0.2 mL $475/0.5 mL $575/1 mL $1,515/5 mL $2,935/2x5 mL $4,275/3x5 mL $5,540/4x5 mL $6,750/5x5 mL

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot:Sample: Recombinant DEFa3, Human.)

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Defensin Alpha 3, Neutrophil Specific (DEFa3), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA20180)

Full Name

Polyclonal Antibody to Defensin Alpha 3, Neutrophil Specific (DEFa3)

Gene Names

DEFA3; HP3; DEF3; HNP3; HP-3; HNP-3

Reactivity

Human

Applications

WB, IHC, ICC, IP

Purity

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Pricing

$245/0.1 mL $305/0.2 mL $465/0.5 mL $565/1 mL $1,480/5 mL $2,865/2x5 mL $4,170/3x5 mL $5,405/4x5 mL $6,570/5x5 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 12 Immunohistochemistry Validation of PD-L1in Human Tumors (Gadiot et al., 2011)Immunohistochemical analysis of patient tumors labeling PD-L1 with anti-PD-L1 antibodies (AAA10941). Several anti-PD-L1 antibodies were tested for staining, “Only 1 antibody gave no background staining and was competitively blocked by the addition of PD-L1Fc protein (AAA10941)”.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 11 Immunofluorescence Validation of PD-L1 intumors in Human Cells (Dhar et al., 2018)(A) Several antibody brands were first tested with RBCs,WBCs, and HeLa cells. (AAA10941) was chosen as it provided the highest staining intensity. (B, C) Using the optimal conditions of anti-PDL1 at a concentration of 50ug/mL, following by goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 647, PDL-1 staining was tested on several lung cancer cell lines: (adenocarcinoma), adenocarcinoma), (squamous) and WBCs asa control. (D) Once validated, patient samples were stained for PD-L1, CK, CD45, DAPI.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 10 Immunofluorescence Validation of PD-L1 in Rat HeartImmunofluorescence analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed rat heart tissue labeling PD-L1 with AAA10941 at 20 ug/ml,followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody at 1/250 dilution (red).)

IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Figure 9 Immunohistochemistry Validation of PD-L1 in Human HeartImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human heart tissue using anti-PD-L1 antibody (AAA10941) at 2.5 °g/ml. Tissue was fixed with formalde hyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used assecondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 8 Immunohistochemistry Validation of PD-L1 in Rat HeartImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat heart tissue using anti-PD-L1 antibody (AAA10941) at 5 ug/ml.Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. A goatanti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary.Counter stained with Hematoxylin)

FCM (Flow Cytometry) (Figure 7 Flow Cytometry Validation of PD-L1Overlay histogram showing A-20 cells stained with AAA10941 (red line, 1ug/1x106 cells). 1 h incubation at 4°C in 2% FBS/PBS. Followed by secondary antibody 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1/500 dilution for 1 h 4°C. Isotype control antibody (Green line) was mouse IgG1 (1ug/1x106 cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >10,000 events was performed.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Figure 6 Immunofluorescence Validation of PD-L1 in Human HeartImmunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed human heart tissue labeling PD-L1 with AAA10941 at 20μg/mL, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondaryantibody at 1/500 dilution (red). Image showing both membrane and cytoplasmic staining on human heart tissue.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Figure 5 Immunohistochemistry Validation of PD-L1 in Human Tonsil CellsImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-PD-L1 antibody (AAA10941) at 5ug/ml. Tissue was fixed with formalde hyde and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at RT; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH6). Samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. A goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) at 1/250 was used as secondary. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.)

WB (Western Blot) (Figure 4 Validation with PD-L1 over expression in 293 cellsLoading: Lysates/proteins at 15 μg per lane. Lane 1: non-transfected 293 cells Lane 2: PD-L1 overexpressed 293 cells Antibodies: AAA10941 (1 μg/mL). 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgGHRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.)

WB (Western Blot) (Figure 3 Validation with PD-L1 siRNA Knockdown in HeLa CellsHeLa cells were transfected with control siRNAs (lane 1) orPD-L1 siRNAs (lane 2) Loading: 10 ug of HeLa whole cell lysates per lane. Antibodies: (2 ug/mL) and GAPDH (, 0.02 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-mouse IgG HRP conjugate at 1:5000 dilution.)

WB (Western Blot) (Figure 2 Independent Antibody Validation (IAV) via Protein Expression Profile in Human and Mouse cell linesLoading: 15 ug of lysates per lane. Antibodies: AAA10941 (2ug/mL), (2 ug/mL), and beta-actin (1 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit and or anti-mouse IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 and 1:5000 dilution, respectively.)

WB (Western Blot) (Figure 1 Western Blot Validation of PD-L1 in HeLa CellsLoading: 15ug of lysates per lane. Antibodies: AAA10941 (1 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.)

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PDL-1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10941)

Full Name

PDL-1 Antibody

Gene Names

CD274; B7-H; B7H1; PDL1; PD-L1; PDCD1L1; PDCD1LG1

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry

Purity

PD-L1 Antibody is affinity chromatography purified via peptide column.

Pricing

$570/0.1 mg $1,080/2x0.1 mg $1,560/3x0.1 mg $2,015/4x0.1 mg $2,295/5x0.1 mg

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using TOMM40 Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using TOMM40 antibody at 1:1000 dilution.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 60s.)

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TOMM40, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA10745)

Full Name

TOMM40 Polyclonal Antibody

Gene Names

TOMM40; TOM40; PEREC1; C19orf1; PER-EC1; D19S1177E

Applications

Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$255/0.02 mL $430/0.1 mL $820/2x0.1 mL $1,175/3x0.1 mL $1,510/4x0.1 mL $1,610/5x0.1 mL

What are Polyclonal Antibodies?

Polyclonal antibodies are antibodies that come from multiple B cell clones of a host animal. The typical hosts used for the majority of polyclonal antibody production are rabbits, goats, sheep, and donkeys. These polyclonal antibodies, once having identified their target, will bind to different epitopes located at different regions or sequences on the same protein/antigen. As a result, they are ideal at locating and binding to the target, even if the target is in very low concentrations (due to many different antibodies being able to bind to the same target molecule, which allows for significant amplification of a downstream signal).

Polyclonal antibodies are typically produced by injecting an antigen into a host animal, which causes the animal’s immune system to attack the foreign antigen by mass generating antibodies against it. After a period of time, serum is collected from the animal and purified using physicochemical fractionation, class-specific affinity purification, and/or antigen-affinity purification.

Key Uses of Polyclonal Antibodies

• Western Blotting: This method is used to find specific proteins in biological samples after separating them by size.


• Immunohistochemistry: IHC helps visualize the location of proteins in tissue sections using various staining techniques.


• ELISA: (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is typically used to identify specific protein quantities in a sample. ELISAs can be either “Quantitative” or “Qualitative”.


• Flow Cytometry: technique that identifies and measures the specific protein on the surface or inside the cells in a fluid suspension.


• Immunoprecipitation: IP isolates and studies a specific protein from a complex mixture using antibodies.

Why Buy Polyclonal Antibodies from AAA Biotech?

1. Ideal for Various Applications

Our antibodies are generally going to be validated for use in multiple types of assays, including ELISA, Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, amongst others. They are ideal for a wide range of research applications.

2. Rigorous Quality Control

All of the antibodies in our catalog undergo strict quality testing to ensure specificity, sensitivity, and consistent performance. We are confident in the ability of our antibodies to provide you with accurate results.

3. Wide Assortment of Antibodies

Antibodies in are catalog can be found for both common and exotic species, and these antibodies are also available in both conjugated and recombinant forms to suit many diverse experimental needs.

4. Highly Purified

Our antibodies are available in purified forms with over 85% purity, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE. They are also available with tags such as His, Flag, GST, or MBP. We cater to customers worldwide.

FAQ

1. How are polyclonal antibodies produced?

Traditionally, polyclonal antibodies are produced by injecting an antigen into a host animal (such as a rabbit or goat), which then triggers an immune response from the host animal. The animal’s B cells produce antibodies that will recognize different parts of the injected antigen. These antibodies are then collected from the animal’s blood and purified for use.

2. How do polyclonal antibodies differ from monoclonal antibodies?

Polyclonal antibodies are a mix of antibodies that bind to different locations (epitopes) of the same antigen, while monoclonal antibodies are identical and bind to just one specific epitope. This makes polyclonal antibodies more versatile and better at detecting proteins that may be present in low quantities or in altered/modified forms.

3. How should I store polyclonal antibodies?

Polyclonal antibodies should be stored at 4°C for short-term use (up to a few weeks) and at -20°C or -80°C for long-term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles by dividing them into small aliquots. Always check the datasheet for specific storage instructions.