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Secondary Antibodies

At AAA Biotech, we provide a vast collection of high-quality, purified, conjugated and unconjugated secondary antibodies to use in various applications, such as Western Blotting, Flow Cytometry, Cell Imaging, or CUT & Tag.


Our secondary antibodies are available with a wide range of labels—such as HRP, AP, FITC, and biotin—to match your detection system and enhance signal sensitivity. Each antibody is rigorously tested to ensure high specificity and minimal cross-reactivity, delivering reliable performance across multiple species and assay types.


Whether you're conducting qualitative imaging or quantitative analysis, AAA Biotech has the right secondary antibody to support your research with consistency and precision. Our entire catalog of secondary antibodies is available for browsing through our main website.


Viewing 300-350 of 552 product results


Rabbit Anti-Goat IgG (H+L), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA78843)

Full Name
Rabbit Anti-Goat IgG (H+L)-UNLB
Reactivity
Goat
Applications
Immunohistochemistry, Immunoblot
Purity
Affinity chromatography on goat IgG covalently linked to agarose.
Pricing

Goat anti Rabbit IgA (Fc specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77561)

Full Name
Goat anti Rabbit IgA (Fc specific), conjugated with Horseradish peroxidase
Reactivity
Rabbit
Applications
Immunoblot, Dot Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

Goat anti Swine IgG (Fc specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77575)

Full Name
Goat anti Swine IgG (Fc specific)
Reactivity
Swine
Pricing

Swine anti Human IgG (Fc specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77581)

Full Name
Swine anti Human IgG (Fc specific)
Reactivity
Inter-species cross-reactivity is a normal feature of antibodies to immunoglobulins, since Ig of different species frequently share antigenic determinants. Cross-reactivity of this antiSerum has not been tested in detail.
Applications
Immunoblot, Dot Blot, Immunofluorescence
Pricing

Rabbit anti Rat IgG1 (subclass specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77582)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Rat IgG1 (subclass specific)
Applications
Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis
Pricing

Goat anti Guinea Pig IgG (subclass specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77587)

Full Name
Goat anti Guinea Pig IgG (subclass specific), conjugated with Biotin
Reactivity
Guinea Pig
Applications
Immunoblot, Dot Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

Rabbit anti Mouse IgG1 IgG2a IgG2b IgG3 (heavy and light chains), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77599)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Mouse IgG1 IgG2a IgG2b IgG3 (heavy and light chains), conjugated with Horseradish peroxidase
Reactivity
Mouse

Cross-reactivity: Inter-species cross-reactivity is a normal feature of antibodies to immunoglobulins, since Ig of different species frequently share antigenic determinants. Cross-reactivity of this antiSerum has not been tested in detail.
Applications
Immunoblot, Dot Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

Goat anti Mouse IgG1 IgG2a IgG2b IgG3 (heavy and light chains), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77610)

Full Name
Goat anti Mouse IgG1 IgG2a IgG2b IgG3 (heavy and light chains)
Reactivity
Mouse
Applications
Immunoprecipitation
Pricing

Donkey anti Mouse IgG (H + L) (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75513)

Full Name
Donkey anti Mouse IgG (H + L) (HRP)
Reactivity
Murine
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Purity
Donkey anti Mouse IgG (H + L) (HRP) was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

Donkey anti Goat IgG, Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75515)

Full Name
Donkey anti Goat IgG
Reactivity
Goat IgG heavy and light chain specific
Pricing

Goat anti Rabbit IgG (H + L) (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75516)

Full Name
Goat anti Rabbit IgG (H + L) (HRP)
Reactivity
Rabbit
Purity
Affinity purified using solid phase Rabbit IgG (H&L)
Pricing

Goat anti Human IgA antibody (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75521)

Full Name
Goat anti Human IgA antibody (HRP)
Applications
Western Blot
Pricing

Donkey anti Rabbit IgG (H + L) (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75528)

Full Name
Donkey anti Rabbit IgG (H + L) (HRP)
Reactivity
Rabbit
Purity
Affinity purified using solid phase Rabbit IgG (H&L)
Pricing

Rabbit anti Mouse IgG3 (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75540)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Mouse IgG3 (HRP)
Reactivity
Murine IgG3
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Rabbit anti Mouse IgG3 (HRP) was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

Goat anti Monkey IgG (FITC), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75541)

Full Name
Goat anti Monkey IgG (FITC)
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry
Purity
Goat anti Monkey IgG (FITC) was purified by delipidation, salt fractionation and ion exchange chromatography.
Pricing
product-image-AAA213711_IF13.jpg IF (Immunofluorescence) (Detection of human p53 by immunofluorescence. Sample: FFPE section of human ovarian carcinoma. Primary Antibody: mouse anti-p53 (clone DO-1) used at a dilution of 1:100. Secondary Antibody: Green-fluorescent goat anti-mouse IgG-heavy and light chain Antibody DyLight 488 Conjugated (AAA213711 Lot 7) used at a dilution of 1:50 (10 ug/ml). Counterstain: DAPI (blue))

IgG Heavy and Light Chain, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA213711)

Full Name
Goat anti-Mouse IgG Heavy and Light Chain Antibody DyLight 488 Conjugated
Reactivity
Mouse
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Antigen Affinity Purified
Pricing
product-image-AAA63221_IS13.jpg IS (Immunostaining) (Immunostaining - C57BL/6J mouse retina labeled with: Green - 1st Ab Cone Arrestin (1/1,000); 2nd Ab goatAnti-rat (AB28488, 1/1,000), Red - 1st Ab Rhodopsin (1/1,000); 2nd Ab goatAnti-mouse (AB27550, 1/1,000), Blue - Nuclear staining (DAPI), Scale bar = 40 um;)

IgG, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA63221)

Full Name
Anti-Rat IgG, DyLight488
Reactivity
Rat
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Western Blot
Purity
Epitope affinity purified
Pricing
product-image-AAA63226_IF11.jpg IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence - anti-mCherry Ab (AB9770) using hCEC cells transduced with mCherry-Rab5a; cells were fixed with methanol and mCherry Ab at 1/250; 2nd Ab goat anti-IgY (AB307633) at 1:1,000;)

IgY, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA63226)

Full Name
Anti-Chicken IgY, DyLight633
Reactivity
Chicken
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Western Blot
Purity
Epitope affinity purified
Pricing
product-image-AAA71701_ICC15.jpg ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunocytochemical labeling of Fascin phosphorylation in aldehyde fixed rabbit fibroblast. The cells were labeled with rabbit polyclonal anti-Fascin (Ser-39) phosphospecific (FP2661). The antibody was detected using goat anti-rabbit DyLight 650.)

Ig, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA71701)

Full Name
Anti-Rabbit Ig:DyLight 650 Secondary Antibody
Reactivity
Rabbit
Applications
Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot
Pricing

Rat anti Mouse IgG1 Kappa Light Chain, Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA74516)

Full Name
Rat anti Mouse IgG1 Kappa Light Chain
Reactivity
Specific for mouse igG1 kappa light chain by IEP.
Applications
ELISA
Pricing

Goat anti Mouse IgG + IgM (H + L) (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75496)

Full Name
Goat anti Mouse IgG + IgM (H + L) (HRP)
Reactivity
Murine IgG/IgM
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Goat anti Mouse IgG + IgM (H + L) (HRP) was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

Rabbit anti Goat IgG (Texas Red), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75480)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Goat IgG (Texas Red)
Reactivity
Goat IgG
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry
Purity
Rabbit anti Goat IgG was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

anti-Goat IgG+FITC, Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA63023)

Full Name
anti-Goat IgG+FITC
Reactivity
Goat
Applications
Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

IgG, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA312909)

Full Name
Rabbit Anti-Horse IgG (H&L) HRP
Reactivity
Horse
Applications
Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
The antibody was isolated from ascitic by immunoaffinity chromatography using antigens coupled to agarose beads.
Pricing

Goat anti Human IgG (Fab'2) (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75616)

Full Name
Goat anti Human IgG (Fab'2) (HRP)
Reactivity
Human IgG (Fab2)
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Goat anti Human IgG (Fab'2) (HRP) was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

Goat anti Human IgG (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75618)

Full Name
Goat anti Human IgG (HRP)
Reactivity
Human IgG
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Goat anti Human IgG (HRP) was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

Rabbit anti Monkey IgG Fab, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77544)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Monkey IgG Fab, conjugated with FITC
Reactivity
See "Species Reactivity Note" below.
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

Goat anti Monkey IgM (Fc specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77554)

Full Name
Goat anti Monkey IgM (Fc specific), conjugated with Horseradish peroxidase
Reactivity
Inter-species cross-reactivity is a normal feature of antibodies to immunoglobulins, since Ig of different species frequently share antigenic determinants. Precipitation reactions have been observed with IgM in Serum of other old-world Monkeys, including
Applications
Immunoblot, Dot Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

Goat anti Human IgG Fab, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77559)

Full Name
Goat anti Human IgG Fab, conjugated with TRITC
Reactivity
Inter-species cross-reactivity is a normal feature of antibodies to immunoglobulins, since Ig of different species frequently share antigenic determinants. Cross-reactivity of this immunoconjugate has not been tested in detail.
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

Goat anti Human J chain of dimeric IgA, Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77570)

Full Name
Goat anti Human J chain of dimeric IgA
Reactivity
Human
Pricing

Goat anti Chicken IgG IgA IgM (heavy and light chains), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77596)

Full Name
Goat anti Chicken IgG IgA IgM (heavy and light chains)
Reactivity
Chicken
Applications
Immunoprecipitation
Purity
Purified
Pricing

Goat anti Guinea Pig IgM (Fc specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA77613)

Full Name
Goat anti Guinea Pig IgM (Fc specific), conjugated with FITC
Reactivity
Guinea Pig
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry
Pricing

Goat anti Mouse IgG (Fab'2) (Texas Red), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75500)

Full Name
Goat anti Mouse IgG (Fab'2) (Texas Red)
Reactivity
Single precipitin arc against anti-Goat Serum, Mouse IgG, Mouse IgG F(c), and Mouse serum. No reaction observed against anti-Pepsin, anti-Goat IgG F(c), Mouse IgG F(ab), or Bovine, Horse, and Human serum proteins.
Applications
FLISA
Purity
Goat anti Mouse IgG (Fab'2) was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, pepsin digestion and chromatographic separation.
Pricing

Goat anti Monkey IgM (FITC), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75517)

Full Name
Goat anti Monkey IgM (FITC)
Reactivity
Monkey IgM
Applications
Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry
Purity
Goat anti Monkey IgM (FITC) was purified by delipidation, salt fractionation and ion exchange chromatography.
Pricing
product-image-AAA75534_WB15.jpg WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot of Goat IgG (H&L) antibody Peroxidase Conjugated Lane 1: Goat IgG Load: 100 ng per lane Goat IgG (H&L) antibody Peroxidase Conjugated at 1:1,000 for 60 min at RT Block: Blocking buffer for 30 min at RT)

Rabbit anti Goat IgG (H + L) (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75534)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Goat IgG (H + L) (HRP)
Reactivity
Goat IgG
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Rabbit anti Goat IgG (H + L) (HRP) was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

Goat anti Pig IgG Fc (HRP), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75537)

Full Name
Goat anti Pig IgG Fc (HRP)
Reactivity
Specific for PIG IgG Fc.
Applications
Western Blot
Purity
Goat anti Pig IgG Fc (HRP) was purified by affinity chromatography.

Rabbit anti Chicken IgY (H + L) (Alk Phos), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA75545)

Full Name
Rabbit anti Chicken IgY (H + L) (Alk Phos)
Reactivity
Chicken
Applications
Western Blot
Purity
Rabbit anti Chicken IgY (H + L) (Alk Phos) was purified by affinity chromatography.
Pricing

IgY (H&L), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA79052)

Full Name
Rabbit anti-Chicken IgY (H&L) - Affinity Pure
Reactivity
Chicken
Applications
Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation
Purity
> 95% based on SDS-PAGE
Affinity purified using solid phase Chicken IgG/Y.
Pricing

IgG (H&L), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA79053)

Full Name
Goat anti-Donkey IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, HRP Conjugate
Applications
Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity purified antibody is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE
Affinity purified using solid phase Donkey IgG.
Pricing
product-image-AAA79055_IEP11.jpg IEP (Immunoelectrophoresis)

IgG (H&L), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA79055)

Full Name
Goat anti-Llama IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, Biotin Conjugate
Reactivity
Llama.
Cross Reactivity: Based on IEP, no reactivity is observed to non-immunoglobulin llama serum immunoglobulins
Applications
Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Affinity purified antibody is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE
Affinity purified using solid phase Llama IgG.
Pricing
product-image-AAA79056_IEP13.jpg IEP (Immunoelectrophoresis)

IgG (H&L), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA79056)

Full Name
Goat anti-Llama IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, DyLight488 Conjugate
Reactivity
Llama.
Cross Reactivity: Based on IEP, no reactivity is observed to non-immunoglobulin llama serum immunoglobulins
Applications
Immunoelectron Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry
Purity
Affinity purified antibody is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE
Affinity purified using solid phase Llama IgG.
Pricing
product-image-AAA79058_AD13.jpg Application Data (1) Lot# 16-188-0913112) Mol Weight Standard)

IgG (H&L), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA79058)

Full Name
Rabbit anti-Llama IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, ALP Conjugate
Reactivity
Llama.
Cross Reactivity: Based on IEP, no reactivity is observed to non-immunoglobulin llama serum immunoglobulins
Applications
Cleased Lysate, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity purified antibody is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE
Affinity purified using solid phase Llama IgG.
Pricing

IgG (H&L), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA79066)

Full Name
Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, DyLight488 Conjugate
Reactivity
Rabbit.
Cross Reactivity: Based on IEP, no reactivity is observed to non-immunoglobulin rabbit serum proteins
Applications
Immunoelectron Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry
Purity
Affinity purified antibody is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE
Affinity purified using solid phase Rabbit IgG.
Pricing
product-image-AAA79072_IEP11.jpg IEP (Immunoelectrophoresis)

IgG (H&L), Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA79072)

Full Name
Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H&L) - Affinity Pure, DyLight350 Conjugate, min x w/bovine, chicken, goat, guinea pig, hamster, horse, human,mouse, rat or sheep IgG
Reactivity
Rabbit.
Cross Reactivity: Based on IEP, no reactivity is observed to:
non-immunoglobulin rabbit serum proteins
IgG from bovine, chicken, goat, guinea pig, hamster, horse, human, mouse, rat or sheep
Applications
Immunoelectron Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry
Purity
Affinity purified antibody is > 95% based on SDS-PAGE
Affinity purified using solid phase Rabbit IgG.
Pricing

Goat F(ab')2 Anti-Mouse Ig M+IgG+IgA (H+L), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA78765)

Full Name
Goat F(ab')2 Anti-Mouse Ig, Human ads-PE
Reactivity
Mouse
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunoblot
Purity
Gel filtration chromatography of pepsin digested antibody.
Pricing

Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (gamma chain specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA78768)

Full Name
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG, Human ads-BGAL
Reactivity
Mouse
Purity
Affinity chromatography on pooled mouse IgG covalently linked to agarose.
Pricing
product-image-AAA78793_FCM15.jpg FCM/FACS (Flow Cytometry) (Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with Goat Anti-Human IgD-PE and Mouse Anti -Human CD19-FITC)

Goat Anti-Human IgD (delta chain specific), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA78793)

Full Name
Goat Anti-Human IgD-HRP
Reactivity
Human
Applications
Flow Cytometry
Purity
Affinity chromatography on human IgD covalently linked to agarose.
Pricing

Goat Anti-Guinea Pig IgG (H+L), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA78836)

Full Name
Goat Anti-Guinea Pig IgG (H+L)-HRP
Reactivity
Guinea Pig
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunoblot, Dot Blot
Purity
Affinity chromatography on guinea pig IgG covalently linked to agarose.
Pricing

Rabbit Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA78845)

Full Name
Rabbit Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L)-HRP
Reactivity
Mouse
Applications
Immunoprecipitation, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunoblot
Purity
Affinity chromatography on pooled mouse IgG covalently linked to agarose.
Pricing

Swine Anti-Goat IgG (H+L), Polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Cat# AAA78853)

Full Name
Swine Anti-Goat IgG (H+L), Human/Rat/Mouse ads-HRP
Reactivity
Goat
Applications
FLISA, ELISA
Purity
Affinity chromatography on goat IgG covalently linked to agarose.
Pricing

What Are Secondary Antibodies?


Secondary antibodies are immunoglobulins that bind to primary antibodies, which are directly bound to the target antigen. They are conjugated with either an enzyme, fluorophore, or biotin, and they are almost always only targeting the constant region (Fc) of the primary antibody. As a result, this amplifies the signal in various assays and helps researchers detect, quantify, and visualize specific antigens in a complex biological sample.


Key Applications of Secondary Antibodies


  • Western blotting for protein detection and quantification.

  • ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) for antigen-antibody interaction studies and quantification.

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence imaging for tissue and cell analysis.

  • Flow cytometry for cell surface and intracellular marker detection.

  • Immunoprecipitation (IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays.

  • Signal amplification in various immunoassays.

  • Multiplex assays using fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies.


Advantages of Using Secondary Antibodies


  1. High sensitivity


    Multiple secondary antibodies can bind to a single primary antibody and amplify the signal. This is especially useful for detecting antigens even if they are in low concentrations.



  2. Increased flexibility in assay design


    Secondary antibodies come pre-conjugated with labels, such as enzymes, fluorophores, biotin, and more. This provides researchers with flexibility to use in multiple applications. They also support multiplexing for the simultaneous detection of multiple targets.



  3. Cost-effective


    Since the Fc domain remains constant within the same animal class, only one type of secondary antibody is needed to bind many types of primary antibodies. This reduces the cost of labeling multiple primary antibodies.



  4. Better signal-to-noise ratio


    Secondary antibodies minimize the background noise. As a result, they provide clearer and more accurate results.



  5. Versatility


    A single species- and isotype-specific secondary antibody can be used with any compatible primary antibody. This can help streamline reagent inventory and reduce cost and preparation time.



  6. Easier detection


    Unlike primary antibodies, secondary antibodies’ main characteristic is that they will almost always be partnered with a component that can be used for detection. This can make detection and visualization easy.



Why Buy Secondary Antibodies from AAA Biotech?


  • Highly Validated: Most of our secondary antibodies are thoroughly tested to ensure they work reliably across different experiments.

  • Versatile Applications: Our secondary antibodies can be used in a wide range of research techniques, including (but not limited to) immunocytochemistry (ICC), ELISA, immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry (FC), immunoprecipitation (IP), and Western blotting (WB).

  • Support for Rare Species: We offer secondary antibodies specifically designed for rare or less common species—something many other suppliers don’t provide.

  • Affordable Prices: Our secondary antibodies are available at competitive prices to support all research budgets.

  • Quick and Convenient Ordering: Simple online ordering process with responsive customer support.

  • Privacy: We respect your privacy and ensure your information is protected at every step of the ordering process, and in all other communication with our team members.


FAQ


1. Can I reuse a secondary antibody?


Not recommended for critical experiments, as reusing may compromise sensitivity and specificity.


2. What is the difference between primary and secondary antibodies?


Primary antibodies bind directly to the antigen. Secondary antibodies bind to the primary and are usually labeled for detection.


3. How long do secondary antibodies last?


When stored properly (usually at –20°C or 4°C, depending on formulation), they can last for years. Always refer to the product datasheet.


4. What happens if you use too much secondary antibody?


Excess can increase background noise, leading to a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Titrate to find the optimal concentration.


5. Can secondary antibodies be monoclonal?


Yes. While many are polyclonal, monoclonal secondary antibodies are available for consistent batch-to-batch performance.


6. How to find secondary antibodies?


Use our catalog filters to search by host species, conjugate type, target species, and application.


7. How to store secondary antibodies?


Store at recommended temperatures away from light. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.


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