Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-Bad-S134 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-Bad-S134 in HL60 tissue lysate)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of Phospho-PARP1-S177 Antibody Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.6ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-p16-INK4A-S140 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-p16-INK4A-S140 in A2058 tissue lysate)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-KLF4-S245 Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Fluorescent confocal image of HeLa cells stained with AAA284718 Phospho-KLF4-S245 antibody. HeLa cells were fixed with 4% PFA (20 min), permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.2%, 30 min), then incubated with AAA284718 Phospho-KLF4-S245 primary antibody (1:200, 2 h at room temperature). For secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibody (green) was used (1:1000, 1h). Cytoplasmic actin was counterstained with Alexa Fluor 555 (red) conjugated Phalloidin (5.25 uM, 25 min). Note the highly specific localization of the phosphorylated KLF4 immunoreactivity to the nuclei but not the nucleoli or the cytoplasm.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of MUC1 Antibody (AAA284599) Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunocytochemical labeling of phosphorylated MLC in paraformaldehyde fixed A7r5 cells. The cells were dual-labeled with anti-MLC (MM3441; middle) and anti-MLC (MP4201; top left), anti-MLC (Ser-19) (MP4221; middle left) and anti-MLC (Ser-1) (MP3461; bottom left). Goat anti-Mouse DyLight 488 and Goat anti-Rabbit DyLight 594 were used for detection of primary antibodies. The overlay of staining patterns are shown to the right.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of C2C12 cells untreated (lanes 1, 3, 5, & 7) or treated with Lambda phosphatase (lanes 2, 4, 6, & 8). The blots were probed with monoclonal anti-MLC20 (clone MY-21) (lanes 1 & 2), polyclonal anti-MLC (Ser-19) phosho-specific (lanes 3 & 4), anti-MLC (Ser-1) phosho-specific (lanes 5 & 6), or anti-MLC (a.a. 11-22) (lanes 7 & 8).)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunocytochemical labeling of VAV2 in control and pervanadate-treated human A431 cells. The cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde and permeabilized using NP-40. Then labeled with rabbit polyclonal Vav2 (Tyr-142). The antibody was detected using goat anti-rabbit DyLight 594.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot of human A431 cells treated with EGF (lanes 1, 3, & 5) then the blot was exposed to alkaline phosphatase (lanes 2, 4, & 6). The blots were probed with anti-Vav (a.a. 165-174) (lanes 1 & 2), anti-Vav2 (Tyr-142) (lanes 3 & 4), or anti-Vav2 (Tyr-172) (lanes 5 & 6).)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunocytochemical labeling of VASP phosphorylation in rabbit spleen fibroblasts treated with Calyculin A. The cells were labeled with rabbit polyclonal VASP (Thr-278) antibody, then detected using appropriate secondary antibodies conjugated to Cy3. The antibody was used in the absence (top left) or presence (top right) of blocking peptide (VX2785). Corresponding phase images are shown bottom left and right.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot image of human A431 cells stimulated with calyculin A (100nM) for 30 min. The blots were untreated (lanes 1 & 3) or treated with lambda phosphatase (lanes 2 & 4), then probed with mouse monoclonal VASP (C-term.) antibody (lanes 1 & 2) or rabbit polyclonal VASP (Thr-278) phospho-specific antibody (lanes 3 & 4).)
Application Data (Western Blot: The whole cell lysate derived from EGF stimulated A431 immunoblotted by Rabbit anti AMPK alpha 1 (pT172) antibody (Cat#AAA71372) at 1:500 (lane 2).BSA was loaded as a negative control (Lane 3).Observed a major immunoreactive band at molecular weight ~63kDa.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using STAT5A(Phospho-Tyr694) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells untreated or treated with G-CSF using STAT5A(Phospho-Tyr694) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using Shc1(Phospho-Tyr427) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Shc1(Phospho-Tyr427) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with PMA using Shc1(Phospho-Tyr427) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin- embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NF-κB p100 (phospho- ser866) antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using NF-kappa;B p100 (phospho-ser866) antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from ovary cancer cells using NF-κB p100 (phospho-Ser866) antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using RIPK2 (Phospho-Ser176) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treated with UV (15mins), using RIPK2 (Phospho-Ser176) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MCF7 cells using VEGFR2(Phospho-Tyr951) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using VEGFR2(Phospho-Tyr951) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from G-CSF-treated HUVEC and serum-treated HT29 cells using VEGFR2(Phospho-Tyr951) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Pricing
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using FER (Phospho-Tyr402) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using p47 phox (Phospho-Ser345) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells treated with TNF using p47 phox (Phospho-Ser345) Antibody.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from COS7 cells, treated with starve or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using Estrogen Receptor-alpha (Phospho-Ser118) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MCF cells using Estrogen Receptor-a(Phospho-Ser118) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Estrogen Receptor-a(Phospho-Ser118) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from MDA cells untreated or treated with Estradiol using Estrogen Receptor-a(Phospho-Ser118) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using p62Dok(Phospho-Tyr398) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells untreated or treated with H2O2 using p62Dok(phospho-Tyr398) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using NF-kB p65(phospho-Thr435) antibody(, Red).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NF-kB p65(phospho-Thr435) antibody().)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells untreated or treated with TNFa+CA using NFkB-p65(Phospho-Thr435) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from NIH-3T3 cells treated with TNF using IKK- alpha/ beta (Phospho-Ser176/177) antibody.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-Smad3 (S423/S425) in A431 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse skin tissue using anti-Phospho-Smad3 (S423/S425) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Smad3 (S423/S425) on different lysates using anti-Phospho-Smad3 (S423/S425) antibody at 1/1, 000 dilution. Positive control: Lane 1: A431 cell lysates-treated with TGF beta Lane 2: A431 cell lysates-untreated)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse pancreas tissue using anti-Phospho-FOXO3a (S253) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue using anti-Phospho-FOXO3a (S253) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using anti-Phospho-FOXO3a (S253) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-Phospho-FOXO3a (S253) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-FOXO3a (S253) on different lysates using anti-Phospho-FOXO3a (S253) antibody at 1/1, 000 dilution. Positive control: Lane 1: Hela Lane 2: PC12)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-IKB alpha (S32) in NIH/3T3 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-IKB alpha (S32) in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-IKB alpha (S32) on Ags cell lysates using anti-Phospho-IKB alpha (S32) antibody at 1/1, 000 dilution.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-EGFR (pY1173) in untreated B-6F1 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-EGFR (pY1173) in untreated A549 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining (pY1173) in untreated A431 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse skin tissue using anti- Phospho-EGFR (pY1173) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining PDGF Receptor beta (phospho Y740) in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining PDGF Receptor beta (phospho Y740) in C2C12 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti-Phospho-PKC zeta (T560) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using anti-Phospho-PKC zeta (T560) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-PKC zeta (T560) on mouse eyeball lysates using anti-Phospho-PKC zeta (T560) antibody at 1/1, 000 dilution.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-Cyclin E1 (T77) in HepG2 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-Cyclin E1 (T77) in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-Cyclin E1 (T77) in SW480 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon cancer tissue using anti-Phospho-Cyclin E1 (T77) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-Phospho-Cyclin E1 (T77) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-c-Jun (T91) in MCF-7 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-c-Jun (T91) in HepG2 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using anti-Phospho-c-Jun (T91) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-AKT1 (S124) in MCF-7 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-AKT1 (S124) in NIH/3T3 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-AKT1 (S124) in PC-3M cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using anti-Phospho-AKT1 (S124) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat heart tissue using anti-Phospho-AKT1 (S124) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-SHIP (Y1020) in HepG2 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-SHIP (Y1020) in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-SHIP (Y1020) in A549 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Phospho-Rb-S811 Antibody with HepG2 cell followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG (green).DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclear (blue).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-hRb-S811 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of nonphospho-peptide or phospho-peptide were adsorbed on their respective dots. Antibody working concentration was 0.5ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-Rad9-S387 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-Rad9-S387 in Y79 (left) and Hela (right) tissue lysate)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from T47D cells,untreated or treated with NRG using Phospho-ErBB3(Tyr1289)(left) or ErBB3 antibody(right).)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-ERBB3 (Tyr1289) Antibody Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 30min).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysate from Jurkat cells)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-MYT1-T495 Antibody is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-MYT1-T495 in HL60 (left) and SK-BR-3 (right) tissue lysates.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-MYT1-T495 Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
Submit a Question
Please complete the form below and a representative will contact you as soon as possible.
Request more Information
Please complete the form below and a representative will contact you as soon as possible.
Request a Manual
Please complete the form below and a representative will contact you as soon as possible.
Request a Quote
Please complete the form below and a representative will contact you as soon as possible.