Phospho Antibodies

Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of extracts from NIH-3T3 cells, using Phospho-Catenin-beta (S552) Polyclonal Antibody.)

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Catenin-beta, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA319161)

Full Name

Catenin-beta (Phospho-Ser552) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit

Gene Names

CTNNB1; CTNNB; MRD19; armadillo

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Pricing

$590/1 Kit $1,140/2x1 Kit $1,665/3x1 Kit $2,160/4x1 Kit $2,690/5x1 Kit

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from LOVO cells, using IL-2R alpha/CD25 (Phospho-Ser268) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)

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IL-2Ralpha, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA319172)

Full Name

IL-2Ralpha (Phospho-Ser268) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit

Gene Names

IL2RA; CD25; IL2R; TCGFR; IDDM10

Reactivity

Human, Rat, Mouse

Pricing

$590/1 Kit $1,140/2x1 Kit $1,665/3x1 Kit $2,160/4x1 Kit $2,690/5x1 Kit

WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of JK cells using Phospho-Bcl-2 (S70) Polyclonal Antibody)

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Bcl-2, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA319291)

Full Name

Bcl-2 (Phospho-Ser70) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit

Reactivity

Bovine

Pricing

$590/1 Kit $1,140/2x1 Kit $1,665/3x1 Kit $2,160/4x1 Kit $2,690/5x1 Kit

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IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)

WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-CDC25A-S293 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-CDC25A-S293 in cells transfected with wild type or mutant S293A of CDC25A. Data courtesy of Dr. Tiebang Kang of Washington University, St. Louis, MO.)

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Phospho-CDC25A (S293), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA289059)

Full Name

Phospho-CDC25A (S293) Antibody

Gene Names

CDC25A; CDC25A2

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-TERT-pS1125 Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)

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Phospho-TERT (S1125), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA289274)

Full Name

Phospho-TERT (S1125) Antibody

Gene Names

TERT; TP2; TRT; CMM9; EST2; TCS1; hTRT; DKCA2; DKCB4; hEST2; PFBMFT1

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Dot Blot

Purity

Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis of Hela cells, using Phospho-POLR2A (S5) Antibody .)

IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human spleen, using Phospho-POLR2A (S5) Antibody.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-POLR2A (S5) expression in (1) HeLa cell lysate treated with Lambda Phosphatase; (2) HeLa cell lysate.)

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POLR2A, Monoclonal Recombinant Antibody (Cat# AAA314881)

Full Name

POLR2A (Phospho-Ser5) Rabbit mAb

Gene Names

POLR2A; RPB1; RPO2; POLR2; POLRA; RPBh1; RPOL2; RpIILS; hsRPB1; hRPB220

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Flow Cytometry, Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

Affinity-chromatography

Pricing

$290/0.05 mL $365/0.1 mL $705/2x0.1 mL $1,030/3x0.1 mL $1,335/4x0.1 mL $1,425/5x0.1 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells using Phospho-LIMK-2 (T505) Polyclonal Antibody)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Squamous cell carcinoma of lung. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

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LIMK-2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319461)

Full Name

LIMK-2 (Phospho-Thr505) Antibody

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from SH-SY5Y cells, primary antibody was diluted at 1:1000, 4 degree over night)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

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LDHA, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319472)

Full Name

LDHA (Phospho-Tyr10) Antibody

Gene Names

LDHA; LDH1; LDHM; GSD11; PIG19

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from SH-SY5Y cells, primary antibody was diluted at 1:1000, 4 degree over night)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Squamous cell carcinoma of lung. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

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MERIT40, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319473)

Full Name

MERIT40 (Phospho-Ser29) Antibody

Gene Names

BABAM1; NBA1; HSPC142; MERIT40; C19orf62

Reactivity

Human, Rat, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Rac1(Phospho-Ser71) antibody in 293 cells lysates, cell treated or untreated with PMA 125ng/ml 30', 4 degree over night, secondary antibody(was diluted at 1:10000, 37 degree 1hour.)

IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human uterus. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Phospho-ELISA) for Immunogen Phosphopeptide (Phospho-left) and Non-Phosphopeptide (Phospho-right), using Rac1(Phospho-Ser71) antibody)

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Rac1/CDC42, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319481)

Full Name

Rac1/CDC42 (Phospho-Ser71) Antibody

Gene Names

RAC1; MIG5; Rac-1; TC-25; p21-Rac1

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of Hela treated or untreated by LPS lysis, using primary antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

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PPAR alpha, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319489)

Full Name

PPAR alpha (Phospho-Ser21) Antibody

Gene Names

PPARA; PPAR; NR1C1; hPPAR; PPARalpha

Reactivity

Human, Rat, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from SH-SY5Y cells, primary antibody was diluted at 1:1000, 4 degree over night)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

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Sox2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319497)

Full Name

Sox2 (Phospho-Ser250/Ser251) Antibody

Gene Names

SOX2; ANOP3; MCOPS3

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HCT116 cells, primary antibody was diluted at 1:1000, 4 degree over night)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Gastric adenocarcinoma. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

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Mcl-1, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319499)

Full Name

Mcl-1 (Phospho-Ser64) Antibody

Gene Names

MCL1; TM; EAT; MCL1L; MCL1S; Mcl-1; BCL2L3; MCL1-ES; bcl2-L-3; mcl1/EAT

Reactivity

Human, Rat, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from U2OS cells, primary antibody was diluted at 1:1000, 4 degree over night)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Squamous cell carcinoma of lung. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)

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PRAS40, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA319501)

Full Name

PRAS40 (Phospho-Ser183) Antibody

Gene Names

AKT1S1; Lobe; PRAS40

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit serum by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen.

Pricing

$300/0.05 mL $420/0.1 mL $660/0.2 mL $1,285/2x0.2 mL $1,875/3x0.2 mL $2,430/4x0.2 mL $2,735/5x0.2 mL

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IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of human Phospho MCM2 (Ser 108) by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of human small cell lung cancer. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-MCM2 (Ser 108) (Cat. No. AAA213730) used at a dilution of 1:100. Detection: Red-fluorescent Alexa Fluor 555 goat antirabbit IgG (Invitrogen) used at a dilution of 1:500.)

IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Detection of human Phospho MCM2 (Ser 108) by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of human colon carcinoma. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-MCM2 (Ser 108) (Cat. No. AAA213730) used at a dilution of 1:100. Detection: Red-fluorescent Alexa Fluor 555 goat antirabbit IgG (Invitrogen) used at a dilution of 1:500.)

IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Detection of human phospho-MCM2 (Ser 108) by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of human seminoma. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-MCM2 (Ser 108) (Cat. No. AAA213730) used at a dilution of 1:100. Detection: DAB)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of mouse phospho-MCM2 (Ser 108) by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of mouse squamous cell carcinoma. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-MCM2 (Ser 108) (Cat. No. AAA213730) used at a dilution of 1:100. Detection: DAB)

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MCM2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA213730)

Full Name

Rabbit anti-Phospho MCM2 (S108) IHC Antibody, Affinity Purified

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry

Purity

Antigen Affinity Purified

Pricing

$255/0.001 mg $665/0.01 mg $940/5x0.001 mg $1,295/2x0.01 mg $1,890/3x0.01 mg $2,450/4x0.01 mg $2,780/5x0.01 mg

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WB (Western Blot) (Detection of human Phospho MCM2 (Ser41) by western blot. Samples: Whole cell lysate (30 ug) from HeLa cells that were either untreated or treated with alkaline phosphatase (AP). Antibodies: Affinity purified rabbit anti-phospho MCM2 (Ser41) antibody AAA210771 used at 0.1 ug/ml. After probing with the phospho-specific antibodies, rabbit anti-MCM2 antibody was used at 0.2 ug/ml to show total MCM2. Detection: Chemiluminescence with a 1 minute exposure.)

WB (Western Blot) (Detection of human Phospho MCM2 (S41) by western blot. Samples: Whole cell lysate (50 ug) from HeLa and HEK293T cells prepared using NETN lysis buffer. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho MCM2 (S41) antibody AAA210771 (lot AAA210771-1) used for WB at 0.1 ug/ml. Detection: Chemiluminescence with an exposure time of 10 seconds.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of human and mouse MCM2 (Ser41) by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (left) and mouse squamous cell carcinoma (right). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-MCM2 (Ser41) (Cat. No. AAA210771 Lot1) used at a dilution of 1:1,000 (1ug/ml). Detection: DAB)

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MCM2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA210771)

Full Name

Rabbit anti-Phospho MCM2 (S41) Antibody, Affinity Purified

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

Antigen Affinity Purified

Pricing

$255/0.01 mg $635/0.1 mg $940/5x0.01 mg $1,230/2x0.1 mg $1,800/3x0.1 mg $2,335/4x0.1 mg $2,630/5x0.1 mg

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IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using anti- phospho-Chk1 (S296) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)

IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti- phospho-Chk1 (S296) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)

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Chk1, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA311027)

Full Name

Chk1 (Phospho-S296) Antibody

Gene Names

CHEK1; CHK1

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

ProA affinity purified

Pricing

$365/0.05 mL $485/0.1 mL $945/2x0.1 mL $1,385/3x0.1 mL $1,795/4x0.1 mL $1,990/5x0.1 mL

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FCM/FACS (Flow Cytometry) (Flow cytometric analysis of Hela cells with Phospho-EGFR (Y1068) antibody at 1/50 dilution (red) compared with an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black). Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody)

ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-EGFR (Y1068) in MCF-7 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)

ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-EGFR (Y1068) in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)

ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-EGFR (Y1068) in A431 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)

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EGFR, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA311029)

Full Name

EGFR (Phospho-Y1068) Antibody

Gene Names

EGFR; ERBB; HER1; mENA; ERBB1; PIG61

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunocytochemistry, Flow Cytometry, Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

ProA affinity purified

Pricing

$365/0.05 mL $485/0.1 mL $945/2x0.1 mL $1,385/3x0.1 mL $1,795/4x0.1 mL $1,990/5x0.1 mL

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ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-Cdc6 (S54) in A431 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)

ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-Cdc6 (S54) in HepG2 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)

ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-Cdc6 (S54) in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Cdc6 (S54) on Jurkat cells lysates using anti-Phospho-Cdc6 (S54) antibody at 1/1, 000 dilution.)

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CDC6, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA311036)

Full Name

CDC6 (Phospho-S54) Antibody

Gene Names

CDC6; CDC18L; HsCDC6; HsCDC18

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Immunoprecipitation, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

ProA affinity purified

Pricing

$365/0.05 mL $485/0.1 mL $945/2x0.1 mL $1,385/3x0.1 mL $1,795/4x0.1 mL $1,990/5x0.1 mL

DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-MeCP2-pS80 Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)

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Phospho-MeCP2 (S80), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA285391)

Full Name

Phospho-MeCP2 (S80) Antibody

Gene Names

MECP2; RS; RTS; RTT; PPMX; MRX16; MRX79; MRXSL; AUTSX3; MRXS13

Reactivity

Human (Predicted Reactivity: Monkey, Mouse, Rat)

Applications

Dot Blot

Purity

This antibody is purified through a protein A column, followed by peptide affinity purification.

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-MDM2-pS395 Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)

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Phospho-MDM2 (S395), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA288366)

Full Name

Phospho-MDM2 (S395) Antibody

Gene Names

MDM2; HDMX; hdm2; ACTFS

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Dot Blot

Purity

This antibody is purified through a protein A column, followed by peptide affinity purification.

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

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IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of anti-Phospho-STAT3 Pab in mouse liver tissue lysate (35ug/lane). Phospho-STAT3(arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)

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Phospho-STAT3 (Y705), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA288440)

Full Name

Phospho-STAT3 (Y705) Antibody

Gene Names

STAT3; APRF; HIES; ADMIO

Reactivity

Human (Predicted Reactivity: Bovine, Mouse, Pig, Rat)

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of COS7 cells, using CDK1/CDC2 (Phospho-Thr14) antibody.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, treated with Forskolin (40nM, 30mins), using CDK1/CDC2 (Phospho-Thr14) antibody.)

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CDK1/CDC2 (Phospho-Thr14), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA288569)

Full Name

CDK1/CDC2 (Phospho-Thr14) Antibody

Gene Names

CDK1; CDC2; CDC28A; P34CDC2

Reactivity

Human, mouse

Applications

Immunofluorescence, Western Blot

Purity

Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)

Pricing

$485/0.1 mL $945/2x0.1 mL $1,385/3x0.1 mL $1,795/4x0.1 mL $2,040/5x0.1 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Phospho-TSC2-pS939 Antibody with MCF-7 cell followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG (green).Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor 555 phalloidin (red).DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclear (blue).)

DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-TSC2-pS939 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)

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Phospho-TSC2 (S939), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA288787)

Full Name

Phospho-TSC2 (S939) Antibody

Gene Names

TSC2; LAM; TSC4; PPP1R160

Reactivity

Human (Predicted Reactivity: Mouse)

Applications

Immunofluorescence, Dot Blot

Purity

Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

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DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-TSC2-pS664 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Phospho-TSC2-pS664 Antibody with MCF-7 cell followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG (green).Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor 555 phalloidin (red).)

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Phospho-TSC2 (S664), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA288871)

Full Name

Phospho-TSC2 (S664) Antibody

Gene Names

TSC2; LAM; TSC4; PPP1R160

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Dot Blot, Immunofluorescence

Purity

Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis of EPHA2 (phospho-Tyr588/596) staining in A431 cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 C in a hidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight 594-conjugated secondary antibody (red) in PBS at room temperature in the dark. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue).)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of EPHA2 (phospho-Tyr588/596) expression in A431, mouse brain whole cell lysates.)

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EPHA2 (phospho-Tyr588/596), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA310513)

Full Name

EPHA2 (phospho-Tyr588/596) Antibody

Gene Names

EPHA2; ECK; CTPA; ARCC2; CTPP1; CTRCT6

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunofluorescence, Western Blot

Purity

Immunogen affinity chromatography

Pricing

$340/0.1 mL $655/2x0.1 mL $955/3x0.1 mL $1,235/4x0.1 mL $1,330/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)

WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-MAPKAPK5-S93 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-MAPKAPK5-S93 in mouse heart tissue lysate. PAD4(arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)

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Phospho-MAPKAPK5 (S93), Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA289717)

Full Name

Phospho-MAPKAPK5 (S93) Antibody

Gene Names

MAPKAPK5; MK5; MK-5; PRAK; MAPKAP-K5

Reactivity

Human, mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

Peptide Affinity Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab)

Pricing

$245/0.08 mL $485/0.4 mL $945/2x0.4 mL $1,385/3x0.4 mL $1,795/4x0.4 mL $2,040/5x0.4 mL

Application Data (The TFact c-Jun DNA-Binding ELISA kits detect active c-Jun in Hela Nuclear Extract. The Hela cells were grown 3 days in DMEM with 10% FBS and harvested for nuclear extract. The Hela cells were stimulated by UV (100J/M2) before harvest.)

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c-Jun, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA315853)

Full Name

c-Jun (Phospho-Thr239) TFact DNA-Binding ELISA Kit

Gene Names

JUN; AP1; p39; AP-1; c-Jun

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Pricing

$635/1 Kit $1,230/2x1 Kit $1,800/3x1 Kit $2,335/4x1 Kit $2,905/5x1 Kit

Application Data (The TFact c-Jun DNA-Binding ELISA kits detect active c-Jun in Hela Nuclear Extract. The Hela cells were grown 3 days in DMEM with 10% FBS and harvested for nuclear extract. The Hela cells were stimulated by UV (100J/M2) before harvest.)

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c-Jun, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA315854)

Full Name

c-Jun (Phospho-Thr91) TFact DNA-Binding ELISA Kit

Gene Names

JUN; AP1; p39; AP-1; c-Jun

Reactivity

Human, Rat

Pricing

$635/1 Kit $1,230/2x1 Kit $1,800/3x1 Kit $2,335/4x1 Kit $2,905/5x1 Kit

Application Data (The TFact c-Jun DNA-Binding ELISA kits detect active c-Jun in Hela Nuclear Extract. The Hela cells were grown 3 days in DMEM with 10% FBS and harvested for nuclear extract. The Hela cells were stimulated by UV (100J/M2) before harvest.)

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c-Jun, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA315855)

Full Name

c-Jun (Phospho-Thr93) TFact DNA-Binding ELISA Kit

Gene Names

JUN; AP1; p39; AP-1; c-Jun

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Pricing

$635/1 Kit $1,230/2x1 Kit $1,800/3x1 Kit $2,335/4x1 Kit $2,905/5x1 Kit

Application Data (The TFact GATA1 (Phospho-Ser142) DNA-Binding ELISA detects active GATA1 (Phospho-Ser142) in Hela and Jurkat Nuclear Extract. The Hela and Jurkat cells were grown 3 days in DMEM and RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS and harvested for nuclear extract.)

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GATA1, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA315912)

Full Name

GATA1 (Phospho-Ser142) TFact DNA-Binding ELISA Kit

Gene Names

GATA1; GF1; GF-1; NFE1; XLTT; ERYF1; NF-E1; XLANP; XLTDA; GATA-1

Reactivity

Human

Pricing

$635/1 Kit $1,230/2x1 Kit $1,800/3x1 Kit $2,335/4x1 Kit $2,905/5x1 Kit

Application Data (The TFact Myc (Phospho-Thr58) DNA-Binding ELISA detects active Myc (Phospho-Thr58) in Jurkat Nuclear Extract. The Jurkat cells were grown 3 days in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS and harvested for nuclear extract.)

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Myc, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA315944)

Full Name

Myc (Phospho-Thr58) TFact DNA-Binding ELISA Kit

Gene Names

MYC; MRTL; MYCC; c-Myc; bHLHe39

Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Pricing

$635/1 Kit $1,230/2x1 Kit $1,800/3x1 Kit $2,335/4x1 Kit $2,905/5x1 Kit

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WB (Western Blot) (All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.)

WB (Western Blot) (All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.)

WB (Western Blot) (All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.)

WB (Western Blot) (All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-PKC alpha (T497) expression in HeLa treated with Calyculin A cell lysate.)

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PKC alpha, Monoclonal Recombinant Antibody (Cat# AAA315514)

Full Name

Phospho-PKC alpha (T497) Antibody

Gene Names

PRKCA; AAG6; PKCA; PRKACA; PKC-alpha

Reactivity

Human,Mouse,Rat

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Purity

Affinity-chromatography

Pricing

$290/0.05 mL $365/0.1 mL $705/2x0.1 mL $1,030/3x0.1 mL $1,335/4x0.1 mL $1,425/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (IHC of Histone H3 Phospho on an FFPE Fallopian Tube tissue)

Dilution Info

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Histone H3 Phospho, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA59495)

Full Name

Histone H3 Phospho (RBT-pHH3), Rmab

Reactivity

Human

Pricing

$410/3 mL (RTU) $430/0.1 mL (Concentrate) $625/7 mL (RTU) $815/0.5 mL (Concentrate) $1,045/15 mL (RTU) $1,155/1 mL (Concentrate) $2,245/2x1 mL (Concentrate) $3,280/3x1 mL (Concentrate) $4,260/4x1 mL (Concentrate) $4,505/5x15 mL (RTU) $4,985/5x1 mL (Concentrate)

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ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunocytochemical labeling of VAV2 in control and pervanadate-treated human A431 cells. The cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde and permeabilized using NP-40. Then labeled with rabbit polyclonal Vav2 (Tyr-172). The antibody was detected using goat anti-rabbit DyLight 594.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot of human A431 cells treated with EGF (lanes 1, 3, & 5) then the blot was exposed to alkaline phosphatase (lanes 2, 4, & 6). The blots were probed with anti-Vav (a.a. 165-174) (lanes 1 & 2), anti-Vav2 (Tyr-142) (lanes 3 & 4), or anti-Vav2 (Tyr-172) (lanes 5 & 6))

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Vav2, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA71728)

Full Name

Vav2 (Tyr-172)[conserved site], phospho-specific Antibody

Gene Names

Vav2; Vav-2; AI847175; 2810040F13Rik

Reactivity

Human, Rat, Mouse

Applications

Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot

Pricing

$505/0.1 mL $985/2x0.1 mL $1,440/3x0.1 mL $1,875/4x0.1 mL $2,100/5x0.1 mL

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WB (Western Blot) (RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 mAb tested by Western blot. 20 ug of HeLa nuclear extract was run on SDS-PAGE and probed with antibody at 2 ug/ml.)

IF (Immunofluorescence) (Detection of RNA Pol II pS5 by immunofluorescence U2OS cells were stained with RNA Pol II pS5 antibody at a dilution of 1:500. Left panel: RNA Pol II pS5 antibody staining. Middle panel:DAPI. Right panel: merge.)

ChIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation) (RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb) tested by ChIP-Seq.ChIP-Seq was performed in a bladder cancer cell line using RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 antibody (Cat. No. AAA59975) and RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser2 antibody (Cat. No. The average ChIP-Seq signal across all genes is shown in the graphic. As expected Pol II phosphoserine 5 is enriched at promoters and phosphoserine 2 is enriched toward the 3’ end of genes.)

ChIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation) (RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb) tested by ChIP-Seq.ChIP was performed using the ChIP-IT® High Sensitivity Kit (Cat. No. please inquire) with chromatin from 2.3 million HL60 cells and 5 ug of antibody. ChIP DNA was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq and 23 million sequence tags were mapped to identify RNA pol II phospho Ser5 binding. Data is compared to ChIP-Seq data using a phospho Ser2 antibody . ChIP-Seq data from three specific genes is shown as an example. The Pol II phospho Ser5 antibody detects polymerase more at the 5´ end of the genes and the phospho Ser2 antibody detects Pol II more toward the 3´ end of the genes.)

ChIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation) (RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb) tested by ChIP.Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed using the ChIP-IT® High Sensitivity Kit (Cat. No. please inquire) with 10 ug of chromatin from human myeloma LP1 cells and 10 ug RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 antibody. ChIP DNA was used in qPCR with the control primer pairs or gene-specific primer pairs as indicated. Data are presented as Binding Events Detected per 1000 Cells using Active Motif's Epigenetic Services normalization scheme which accounts for primer efficiency and the amount of chromatin used in the ChIP reaction.)

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RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5, Monoclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA59975)

Full Name

RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb)(Clone 3E8)

Gene Names

POLR2A; RPB1; RPO2; POLR2; POLRA; RPBh1; RPOL2; RpIILS; hsRPB1; hRPB220

Reactivity

Human

Applications

Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, Chromatin immunoprecipitation

Purity

Protein G Chromatography

Pricing

$250/0.01 mg $455/0.05 mg $725/0.1 mg $1,415/2x0.1 mg $2,070/3x0.1 mg $2,680/4x0.1 mg $3,100/5x0.1 mg

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IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using Phospho-MAPK14-Y322 antibody. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)

WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of 293 and NIH/3T3 cells, using Phospho-MAPK14-Y322 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. 293 cells were treated by UV for 15-30 minutes. NIH/3T3 cells were treated by Anisomycin (25ug/ml) for 30 minutes.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 15s.)

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MAPK14-Y322, Antibody (Cat# AAA36651)

Full Name

Phospho-MAPK14-Y322 Polyclonal Antibody

Gene Names

MAPK14; RK; p38; CSBP; EXIP; Mxi2; CSBP1; CSBP2; CSPB1; PRKM14; PRKM15; SAPK2A; p38ALPHA

Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Immunofluorescence, Western Blot

Purity

Affinity Purification

Pricing

$250/0.02 mL $475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,935/5x0.1 mL

Standard Curve (Sample)

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phospho Protein Kinase C, P-PKC, ELISA Kit (Cat# AAA42611)

Full Name

Human phospho Protein Kinase C, P-PKC ELISA Kit

Reactivity

Human

Pricing

$435/48-Strip-Wells $605/96-Strip-Wells $1,170/2x96-Strip-Wells $2,550/5x96-Strip-Wells $5,015/10x96-Strip-Wells

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Application Data

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

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ATF4, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47832)

Full Name

ATF4 (Phospho-Ser245)

Gene Names

ATF4; CREB2; TXREB; CREB-2; TAXREB67

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunoblot

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

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Application Data

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

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Integrin beta3, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47836)

Full Name

Integrin beta3 (Phospho-Tyr773)

Gene Names

ITGB3; GT; CD61; GP3A; BDPLT2; GPIIIa; BDPLT16

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunoblot

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

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Application Data

IHC (Immunohiostchemistry)

IF (Immunofluorescence)

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Estrogen Receptor-a, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47844)

Full Name

Estrogen Receptor-a (Phospho-Ser106)

Gene Names

ESR1; ER; ESR; Era; ESRA; ESTRR; NR3A1

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunoblot

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

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Application Data

IF (Immunofluorescence)

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PKD/PKCmu, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47850)

Full Name

PKD/PKCmu (phospho-Ser738)

Gene Names

PRKD1; PKD; PKCM; CHDED; PRKCM; PKC-MU

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunoblot

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

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Application Data

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

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GSK3beta, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47786)

Full Name

GSK3beta (Phospho-Ser9)

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

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Application Data

IHC (Immunohistochemistry)

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c-Jun, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47787)

Full Name

c-Jun (Phospho-Ser73)

Gene Names

JUN; AP1; AP-1; c-Jun

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

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IHC (Immunohiostchemistry)

IF (Immunofluorescence)

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PTEN, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47793)

Full Name

PTEN (Phospho-Ser380)

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

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Application Data

IHC (Immunohiostchemistry)

IF (Immunofluorescence)

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NFkB-p100, Polyclonal Antibody (Cat# AAA47800)

Full Name

NFkB-p100 (Phospho-Ser870)

Gene Names

NFKB2; p52; p100; H2TF1; LYT10; CVID10; LYT-10; NF-kB2; p49/p100

Applications

Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot

Pricing

$475/0.1 mL $925/2x0.1 mL $1,355/3x0.1 mL $1,755/4x0.1 mL $1,980/5x0.1 mL

What Are Phospho Antibodies?

Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.

Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.

What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?

1. Western Blotting

One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.

2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)

Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.

3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides

In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:

• Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).


• If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.


• A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.


• Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.

4. Genetic Confirmation

As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.

Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?

• The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:


• Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.


• These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.


• High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.

FAQ

1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?

Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.

2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?

To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:

• Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.


• You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).

3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?

Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:

• Know your target


• Match your sample characteristics


• Confirm the intended use is appropriate


• Check “host” and “type”


• Check the “quality” of the presented data/images


• Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs