Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot of rat hippocampal lysate showing specific immuno labeling of the ~180 kDa NR2A subunit of the NMDAR phosphorylated at Tyr1325 in the first lane (-). Phospho specificity is shown a in the second lane (+) where immuno labeling is completely eliminated by lysate treatment with lambda phosphatase (400 units/100uL lysate for 30 min).)
Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephospho-peptide affinity columns.)
Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot of 3T3 cell lysate showing specific immunolabeling of the ~83 kDa FAM129B protein phosphorylated at Ser679/683 in the first lane (-). Phosphospecificity is shown in the second lane (+) where immunolabeling is blocked by preadsorption of the phosphopeptide used as the antigen, but not by the corresponding non-phosphopeptide (not shown).)
Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity Purified (Prepared from sheep serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of humanuMbilical vein endothelial cells untreated (lanes 1, 3, 5, & 7) or treated with pervanadate (1mM) for 30 min. (lanes 2, 4, 6, & 8). The blot was probed with anti-EphA4 (N-terminal region) (lanes 1 & 2), anti-EphA4 (Tyr-779) (lanes 3 & 4), anti-EphA4 (Tyr-602) (lanes 5 & 6), or anti-EphA4 (C-terminal region) (lanes 7 & 8).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Paraformaldehyde-fixed zebrafish embryos were probed with anti-EphA4 (Tyr-602) (EP2731) then detected using Alexa Fluor 647 goat anti-rabbit. Arrows show labeling of somite boundaries and the notochord. (Image provided by Dr. Scott Holley at the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University.))
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunocytochemical labeling of nNOS phosphorylation in rat PC12 cells differentiated with NGF. The cells were probed with mouse monoclonal (mAb) nNOS (NM4011), and rabbit polyclonal (pAb) nNOS (C-terminal region), nNOS (Tyr-895)/eNOS (Tyr-657), and nNOS (Tyr-1326)/iNOS (Tyr-1055). The antibodies were detected using appropriate secondary antibody conjugated to DyLight 594.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of mouse macrophages (J774A.1) treated with LPS (1ug/ml) for 18 hrs followed by pervanadate (1mM) for 30 min. (lanes 1, 3 & 5). The blots were then treated with akaline phosphatase (lanes 2, 4 & 6). Blots were probed with rabbit polyclonal anti-inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) (lanes 1 & 2), anti-iNOS (Tyr-1055) (lanes 3 & 4), and mouse monoclonal anti-iNOS (lanes 5 & 6).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of human RhoA GST fusion recombinant unphosphorylated (lanes 1 & 3) or phosphorylated with PKA (lanes 2, 4, 5 & 6). The blots were probed with anti-Rho ( lanes 1 & 2) or with anti-RhoA (Ser-188) (AAA71530; lanes 3-6). The latter antibody was used in the presence of no peptide (lanes 3 & 4), phospho-RhoA (Ser-188) peptide (lane 5), or a non-specific phosphoserine peptide (lane 6).)
DB (Dot Blot) (STAT3 phospho Ser727 pAb tested by dot blot analysis. Dot blot analysis was used to confirm the specificity of STAT3 phospho Ser727 pAb for STAT2 phospho Ser727. Phosphorylated peptides corresponding to the immunogen and related peptides were spotted onto PVDF and probed with the antibody at 1:30,000. The amount of peptide (picomoles) spotted is indicated next to each row. Lane 1: Unmodified Ser727 STAT1 peptide. Lane 2: Phospho Ser727 STAT1 peptide. Lane 3: Unmodified Tyr689 STAT2 peptide. Lane 4: Phospho Tyr689 STAT2 peptide. Lane 5: Unmodified Ser727 STAT3 peptide. Lane 6: Phospho Ser727 STAT3 peptide. Lane 7: Unmodified Tyr705 STAT3 peptide. Lane 8: Phospho Tyr705 STAT3 peptide. Lane 9: Unmodified Ser726 STAT5A/Ser731 STAT5B peptide. Lane 10: Phospho Ser726 STAT5A/Ser731 STAT5B peptide. Lane 11: Unmodified Tyr694 STAT5A/Tyr699 STAT5B peptide. Lane 12: Phospho Tyr694 STAT5A/Tyr699 STAT5B peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (STAT3 phospho Ser727 pAb tested by Western blot. Hep G2 nuclear extract (15 ug per lane) was probed with STAT3 phospho Ser727 pAb (1:1,000). Lane 1: cells stimulated with IL-6 (100 ng/ml for 15 minutes at 37 degree C). Lane 2: No treatment.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of Phospho-ERBB2-Y877 Antibody Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.6ug per ml.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from T47D cells, untreated or treated with NRG, 100ng/ml, using phospho-ErBB2(Y877) (left) or ErBB2 antibody(right).)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-phospho-OCT4-S236 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using FRS2 (Phospho-Tyr436) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HuvEc cells (Lane 2) and JK cells (Lane 3), using FRS2 (Phospho-Tyr436) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Gab2 (Phospho-Ser623) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells (Lane 2), HeLa cells (Lane 3) and HepG2 cells (Lane 4), using Gab2 (Phospho-Ser623) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using BLNK (Phospho-Tyr84) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells, treated with starved (24hours), using BLNK (Phospho-Tyr84) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using MEK-2(Phospho-Thr394) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using MEK-2(Phospho-Thr394) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 and Hela cells untreated or treated with UV using MEK-2(Phospho-Thr394) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using G3BP-1(Phospho-Ser232) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using G3BP-1(Phospho-Ser232) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with starvation using G3BP-1(Phospho-Ser232) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using Pyk2(Phospho-Tyr402) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Pyk2(Phospho-Tyr402) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with Serum using Pyk2(Phospho-Tyr402) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using ABL1/2(phospho-Tyr393/439) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using ABL1/2(Phospho-Tyr393/439) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HL60 cells using ABL1/2(phospho-Tyr393/439) Antibody and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from COS7 cells, treated with UV or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using ATF2 (Phospho-Thr73 or 55) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using ATF2(Phospho-Thr73 or 55) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using ATF2(Phospho-Thr73 or 55) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells untreated or treated with EGF using ATF2(Phospho-Thr71 or 53) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MEF cells untreated or treated with LY2904 using FKHR (Phospho-Ser256) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MCF7 cells using FKHR(Phospho-Ser256) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using FKHR (Phospho-Ser256) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with serum using FKHR(Phospho-Ser256) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, treated with Noc or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using NF-kappa;B-p105/p50(Phospho-Ser337) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extract from HeLa cells, using NF-kappa;B p105/p50 (phospho-Ser337) antibody (Lane 1 and 2).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin- embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NF-kappa;B p105/p50 (phospho-Ser337) antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using NF-kappa;B p105/p50 (phospho-Ser337) antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Lung carcinoma tissue using NFkappaB-p65 (Phospho-Ser536) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NFkappaB-p65 (Phospho-Ser536) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using NFkB-p65(Phospho-Ser536) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NFkappaB-p65 (Phospho-Ser536) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 and HL60 cells untreated or treated with TNF using NFkB-p65(Phospho-Ser536) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, treated with IFNa or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using STAT1 (Phospho-Tyr701) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from MEF cells untreated or treated with interferon-96)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, treated with PMA or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using p90RSK (Phospho-Ser352) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HUVEC cells using p90RSK(Phospho-Ser352) Antibody(Lane 2) and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(Lane1).)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using b-Catenin(Phospho-Ser37) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HT29 cells using b-Catenin(Phospho-Ser37) Antibody and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using S6 Ribosomal Protein(Phospho-Ser235) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from PC12 cells untreated or treated with anisomycin using S6 Ribosomal Protein(Phospho-Ser235) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using a-Synuclein(Phospho-Tyr133) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from C2C12 cells untreated or treated with Anisomycin using a-Synuclein(Phospho-Tyr133) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treated with starve or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using SHP-2 (Phospho-Tyr580) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using SHP-2(Phospho-Tyr580) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin- embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Src (phospho- Tyr418) antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from COLO205 cells using Src (Ab-418) antibody (Lane 1 and 2) and Src (phospho-Tyr418) antibody (Lane 3 and 4).)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Synaptotagmin (phospho-Thr202) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from colo cells (Lane 2), using Synaptotagmin (Phospho-Thr202) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Pricing
What Are Phospho Antibodies?
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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