Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-CDC25A-S278 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-CDC25A-S278 in mouse heart tissue lysate)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of anti-Phospho-STAT5a-S726 Antibody in CEM cell line lysate (35ug/lane). Phospho-STAT5a(arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-hSTAT5a-pS726 Phospho-specific Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of anti-Phospho-H3-pS10 Pab in HepG2 cell line lysate (35ug/lane).Phospho-H3-pS10(arrow) was detected using the purified Pab.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Phospho-eNos-S1177 Antibody with HepG2 cell followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG (green).DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclear (blue).)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-eNos-S1177 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-hBad-pS99 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Fluorescent confocal image of HeLa cells stained with phospho-Bad-S99 antibody. HeLa cells were fixed with 4% PFA (20 min), permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.2%, 30 min). Cells were then incubated with AAA286863 phospho-Bad-S99 primary antibody (1:200, 2 h at room temperature). For secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibody (green) was used (1:1000, 1h). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue) (10 ug/ml, 5 min). Note the highly specific localization of the phospho-Bad-S99 mainly to the cytoplasm.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by DAB staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-hRb-S788 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of nonphospho-peptide or phospho-peptide were adsorbed on their respective dots. Antibody working concentration was 0.5ug per ml.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunofluorescent analysis of Phosphorylation of H2A.X at Serine 139 in 3T3 or Hydroxyurea-treated 3T3 cells using Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) mouse mAb (1:400).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot detection of Phosphorylation of H2A.X at Serine 139 in 3T3 or Hydroxyurea-treated 3T3 cell lysates using Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) mouse mAb (1:2000 diluted).Predicted band size:15KDa.Observed band size:15KDa.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from A431 cells,untreated or treated with EGF using Phospho-EGFR(Tyr1172)(left) or EGFR antibody(right).)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-EGFR-pY1172 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of EGFR (arrow) in Hela cell lysates, either induced (Lane 1) or noninduced with EGF (Lane 2).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from A431 cells, untreated or treated with EGF, using phospho EGFR-Y1172 (left) or ErBB2 antibody (right))
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-CDC25A-S75 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-CDC25A-S75 in, form left to right, Hela, HL60, mouse kidney, and mouse liver tissue lysates.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-p27Kip1-T157 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.6ug per ml.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of Phospho-ERBB2-T1166 Antibody Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.6ug per ml.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Fluorescent confocal image of MCF7 cells stained with phospho-ERBB2-T1166 antibody. MCF7 cells were fixed with 4% PFA (20 min), permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.2%, 30 min). Cells were then incubated with AAA290209 phospho-ERBB2-T1166 primary antibody (1:100, 2 h at room temperature). For secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibody (green) was used (1:1000, 1h). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue) (10 ug/ml, 5 min). Note the highly specific localization of the phospho-ERBB2-T1166 to the plasma membrane.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-Bid-S65 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-Bid-S65 in Jurkat tissue lysate)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of Phospho-GATA6-pY271 Phospho-specific Pab on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.6ug per ml.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Fluorescent confocal image of HepG2 cells stained with phospho-GATA6-Y271 antibody. HepG2 cells were fixed with 4% PFA (20 min), permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.2%, 30 min). Cells were then incubated with AAA286018 phospho-GATA6-Y271 primary antibody (1:100, 2 h at room temperature). For secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibody (green) was used (1:1000, 1h). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue) (10 ug/ml, 5 min). Note the highly specific localization of the phospho-GATA6 immunosignal mainly to the nucleus.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-TSC2-pS1798 Phospho-specific Pab (RB13393) on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Phospho-TSC2-S1798 Antibody with MCF-7 cell followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG (green).Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor 555 phalloidin (red).DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclear (blue).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-E2F1-S337 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-E2F1-S337 in T47D(left), HepG2(middle), and A2058(right) tissue lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from A431 cells,untreated or treated with EGF using Phospho-EGFR(Tyr1068)(left) or EGFR antibody(right).)
DB (Dot Blot) ((LEFT)Dot blot analysis of Phospho-EGFR-Y1069 polyclonal antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentration was 0.5ug per ml. P-Pab: phospho-antibody; P-Peptide: phospho-peptide; NP-Peptide: non-phospho-peptide.(RIGHT)Western blot analysis of EGFRY (arrow) in Hela cell lysates, either noninduced (Lane 1) or induced with EGF (Lane 2).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-YES1-Y537/Phospho-SRC-Y530 Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Detection of human Phospho-PCNA (Y211) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of human breast carcinoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho-PCNA (Y211). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-PCNA (Y211) (Cat. No. AAA213874) used at a dilution of 1:250 and incubated for 18 hours at room temperature. Detection: DAB)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of human Phospho-PCNA (Y211) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of human breast tissue. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho-PCNA (Y211). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-PCNA (Y211) (Cat. No. AAA213874) used at a dilution of 1:250 and incubated for 18 hours at room temperature. Detection: DAB)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using RelB(Phospho-Ser573) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HUVEC cells untreated or treated with TNF using RelB(Phospho-Ser573) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-ABL1-Y272 Antibody (Cat. #AAA297739) on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antobodies working concentration was 0.5ug per ml.Dilution: DB 1:500)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.Dilution: IHC-P 1:50~100)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Phospho-ABL1-Y272 Antibody (Cat#AAA297739) with Hela cell followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit lgG (green). DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclear (blue).Dilution: IF 1:10~50)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells (Lane 2), using TAK1 (Phospho-Thr184) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, treated with TNF (20ng/ml, 5mins), using TAK1 (Phospho-Thr184) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Retinoic Acid Receptor a (Phospho-Ser77) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from JK cells (Lane 2) and COS7 cells (Lane 3), using Retinoic Acid Receptor a (Phospho-Ser77) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Jurkat cells treated with PMA (125ng/ml, 30mins), using Retinoic Acid Receptor a(Phospho-Ser77) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MCF cells using Estrogen Receptor-a(Phospho-Ser167) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Estrogen Receptor-a(Phospho-Ser167) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from MCF7 cells using Estrogen Receptor-a(Phospho-Ser167) Antibody (Lane 2) and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(Lane1).)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
WB (Western Blot) (P-peptide-+ Western blot analysis of extracts from HT-29 cells, treated with heat shock, using Vitamin D Receptor (Phospho-Ser208) antibody. Immunofluorescence analysis of A549 cells, using Vitamin D Receptor (Phospho-Ser208) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
Pricing
What Are Phospho Antibodies?
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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