Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321647 at 1/100 staining human Skin carcinoma tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of ETK phosphorylation expression in Serum treated HeLa whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-ETK (Tyr566) Antibody expression in Serum treated Hela cells lysates.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321647 staining HepG2 by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-STAT2 (Tyr690) expression in various lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of STAT2 phosphorylation expression in IFN treated HeLa whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321648 staining HeLa by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321648 at 1/100 staining human Breast carcinoma tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
The Ab is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-FOXO1/3/4-pan (Thr24/32) expression in various lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of FOXO1/3/4-pan phosphorylation expression in Serum treated 293 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321710 at 1/100 staining human Stomach carcinoma tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Cortactin (Tyr421) expression in various lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Cortactin phosphorylation expression in H2O2 treated HeLa whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321726 staining HeLa by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321729 staining HuvEc by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-SMC1 (Ser957) expression in various lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of SMC1 phosphorylation expression in HuvEc whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321729 at 1/100 staining human kidney tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-p38 MAPK (Tyr182) expression in various lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of p38 MAPK phosphorylation expression in K562 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321743 staining Hela by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321743 at 1/200 staining human kidney tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of SirT1 phosphorylation expression in JK whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-SirT1 (Ser47) Antibody expression in JK cells lysates.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA322068 staining Hela by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Cyclin D2 (Phospho-Thr280) expression in 293 cells.The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for immunogen phosphor-peptide (left) and non-phospho peptide (right), using Anti-Myc (Phospho-Ser62) Antibody.)
Application Data (HeLa cells were grown to 90% confluency and were stimulated with EGF 200ng/mL for 30 minutes. Cells were immediately lysed thereafter and measured for Total Protein Concentration and O.D. 450 nm of Myc P-Ser20 versus untreated HeLa lysates.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for immunogen phosphor-peptide (left) and non-phospho peptide (right), using Anti-GSK3 beta (Phospho-Ser9) Antibody.)
Application Data (HeLa cells were grown to 90% confluency and were stimulated with EGF 200 ng/mL for 30 minutes. Cells were immediately lysed thereafter and measured for Total Protein Concentration and O.D. 450 nm of GSK3 beta P-Ser9 versus untreated HeLa lysates.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human tonsil. Antibody was diluted at 1:100(4 degree overnight). High-pressure and temperature Tris-EDTA,pH8.0 was used for antigen retrieval. Negetive contrl (right) obtaned from antibody was pre-absorbed by immunogen peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer, using VASP (Phospho-Ser157) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the VASP (Phospho-Ser157) peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of VASP (Phospho-Ser157) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the VASP (Phospho-Ser157) peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of 1 Hela, 2 treated with LPS 100ng/mL 20mim,using primary antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from Jurkat cells treated with PMA 125ng/ml 30' and Jurkat cells treated with insulin 0.01U/ml 15', using Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha (Phospho-Ser77) Antibody.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Phospho-ELISA) for Immunogen Phosphopeptide (Phospho-left) and Non-Phosphopeptide (Phospho-right), using Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha (Phospho-Ser77) Antibody)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HeLa cells, using Tau (Phospho-Ser262) Antibody.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Phospho-ELISA) for Immunogen Phosphopeptide (Phospho-left) and Non-Phosphopeptide (Phospho-right), using Tau (Phospho-Ser262) Antibody)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HeLa cells treated with paclitaxel 1uM 24h, using Lamin A (Phospho-Ser22) Antibody.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Phospho-ELISA) for Immunogen Phosphopeptide (Phospho-left) and Non-Phosphopeptide (Phospho-right), using Lamin A (Phospho-Ser22) Antibody)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from NIH/3T3 cells treated with EGF, RAW264.7 cells treated with UV, and A549 cells treated with UV, using MAP2K1 (Phospho-Thr386) Antibody.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Phospho-ELISA) for Immunogen Phosphopeptide (Phospho-left) and Non-Phosphopeptide (Phospho-right), using MAP2K1 (Phospho-Thr386) Antibody)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of VEC using p-cPLA2 (S505) antibody. Antibody was diluted at 1:1000)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of Hela cells using Phospho-ErbB-3 (Y1289) Polyclonal Antibody diluted at 1:1000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from COLO205 cells, using STK39 (Phospho-Ser311) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from RAW264.7 cells treated with forskolin 40nM 30', using Kir5.1 (Phospho-Ser417) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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