Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for immunogen phosphor-peptide (left) and non-phospho peptide (right), using Anti-Myc (Phospho-Ser62) Antibody.)
Application Data (HeLa cells were grown to 90% confluency and were stimulated with EGF 200ng/mL for 30 minutes. Cells were immediately lysed thereafter and measured for Total Protein Concentration and O.D. 450 nm of Myc P-Ser20 versus untreated HeLa lysates.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for immunogen phosphor-peptide (left) and non-phospho peptide (right), using Anti-GSK3 beta (Phospho-Ser9) Antibody.)
Application Data (HeLa cells were grown to 90% confluency and were stimulated with EGF 200 ng/mL for 30 minutes. Cells were immediately lysed thereafter and measured for Total Protein Concentration and O.D. 450 nm of GSK3 beta P-Ser9 versus untreated HeLa lysates.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human tonsil. Antibody was diluted at 1:100(4 degree overnight). High-pressure and temperature Tris-EDTA,pH8.0 was used for antigen retrieval. Negetive contrl (right) obtaned from antibody was pre-absorbed by immunogen peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer, using VASP (Phospho-Ser157) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the VASP (Phospho-Ser157) peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of VASP (Phospho-Ser157) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the VASP (Phospho-Ser157) peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of 1 Hela, 2 treated with LPS 100ng/mL 20mim,using primary antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from COLO205 cells, using STK39 (Phospho-Ser311) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from RAW264.7 cells treated with forskolin 40nM 30', using Kir5.1 (Phospho-Ser417) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of Hela cell lysis treated or untreated by EGF 20ng/ml 30'.. Primary Antibody was diluted at 1:1000. Secondary antibody( was diluted at 1:10000)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Rac1(Phospho-Ser71) antibody in 293 cells lysates, cell treated or untreated with PMA 125ng/ml 30', 4 degree C over night, secondary antibody(cat: SA0002 was diluted at 1:10000, 37 degree C 1hour.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cell lysis(provided by our customer). Primary Antibody was diluted at 1:1000. Secondary antibody(was diluted at 1:10000)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from Jurkat cells, using Catalase (Phospho-Tyr385) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of Hela cells using Phospho-ErbB-3 (Y1289) Polyclonal Antibody diluted at 1:1000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from K562 cells, using CD171/N-CAML1 (Phospho-Ser1181) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of PP1-alpha (Phospho-Thr320) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the PP1-alpha (Phospho-Thr320) peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Retinoblastoma (Ser795) expression in various lysates)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (AAA321484 at 1/200 staining human brain tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321484 staining MOLT by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Retinoblastoma phosphorylation expression in serum treated K562 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321535 staining HeLa by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-RFA2 (Thr21) expression in various lysates)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (AAA321535 at 1/200 staining human brain tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of RFA2 phosphorylation expression in Adriamycin treated HeLa whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
From purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing
What Are Phospho Antibodies?
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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