Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from C6 cells, treated with EGF or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using AMPKalpha1 (Phospho-Ser487) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using AMPKa1(Phospho-Ser487)Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using AMPKa1(Phospho-Ser487)Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HUVEC cells untreated or treated with UV using AMPKa1(Phospho-Ser487)Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma tissue, using BIK (Phospho-Thr33) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells, using BIK (Phospho-Thr33) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using STAT5B (phospho-Ser731) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from RAW264.7 cells, treated with EGF (200ng/ml, 30mins), using STAT5B (phospho-Ser731) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, treated with EGF or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using IKK alpha (Phospho-Thr23) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using IKK a(Phospho-Thr23) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with TNF using IKK a(Phospho-Thr23) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using IRS-1(Phospho-Ser639) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with serum using IRS-1(Phospho-Ser639) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using BRCA1(Phospho-Ser1423) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HT29 cells untreated or treated with Anisomycin using BRCA1(Phospho-Ser1423) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Smad3(Phospho-Ser425) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells untreated or treated with EGF using Smad3(Phospho-Ser425) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using c-kit(Phospho-Tyr936) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from C6 cell untreated or treated with serum usingc-kit(phospho-Tyr936) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were Purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific peptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NF-κB p105 (phospho-Ser893) antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using NF-kappa;B p105 (phospho-Ser893) antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were Purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific peptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using Retinoblastoma (Phospho-Ser608) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from JK cells (Lane 2), using Retinoblastoma (Phospho-Ser608) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunofluorescence staining of Hela cells with AAA235168 at 1:31, counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4 degree C.The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor 488-congugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (Immunocytochemistry analysis of AAA235168 diluted at 1:100 and staining in Hela cells performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4 degree C overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in: Hela whole cell lysate, MCF-7 whole cell lysate, PC3 whole cell lysateAll lanes: Phospho-Histone H3.1 (S10)antibody at 0.5ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 15 KDaObserved band size: 15 KDa)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (P-peptide-+ Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using MYPT1 (Phospho-Thr696) antibody. Immunofluorescence analysis of A549 cells, using MYPT1 (Phospho-Thr696) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells using STAT3 (phospho-Ser727) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using STAT3 (phospho-Ser727) antibody.)
Immunoprecipitation, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using AurA (Phospho-Ser342) antibody. AurA (Phospho-Ser342) antibody reacts with epitope-specific phosphopeptide and corresponding non-phosphopeptide. The absorbance readings at 450 nM are shown in the ELISA figure.)
Affinity-purified fromrabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (P-peptide-+ Western blot analysis of extracts from COLO205 cells, treated with Serum (20%, 15mins), using JIP1 (Phospho-Thr103) antibody. Immunofluorescence analysis of NIH/3T3 cells, using JIP1 (Phospho-Thr103) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle tissue, using AMPK beta1 (Phospho-Ser181) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from COS7 cells treated with PMA (125ng/ml, 30mins), using AMPK beta1 (Phospho-Ser181) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells, using Met (phospho-Tyr1349) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, using Met (phospho-Tyr1349) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using PAK2 (Phospho-Ser20) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treated with Sorbitol (0.4M, 30mins), using PAK2 (Phospho-Ser20) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (P-peptide-+ Immunofluorescence analysis of HepG2 cells, using c-Met (Phospho-Tyr1003) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using c-Met (Phospho-Tyr1003) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, using c-Met (Phospho-Tyr1003) antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from MDA-MB-435 cells, untreated or EGF-treated (200 ng/ml, 30min), using 4E-BP1 (Ab-36) antibody (Line 1 and 2) and 4E-BP1 (phospho-Thr36) antibody (Line 3 and 4).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using FKHRL1 (phospho-Ser253) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using ERK3 (Phospho-Ser189) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from mouse brain, using ERK3 (Phospho-Ser189) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain carcinoma tissue using CXCR4 (Phospho-Ser339) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from HUVEC cells, treated with etoposide (25uM, 24hours), using CXCR4 (Phospho-Ser339) antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells using Histone H3.1 (phospho-Ser10) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Histone H3.1 (phospho-Ser10) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells (10% serum-treated, 15min) and HeLa cells (EGF-treated, 200ng/ml, 15min), using FKHR (Ab-319) antibody (Line 1, 2 and 3) and FKHR (phospho-Ser319) antibody (Line 4 and 5).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using FKHR (phospho-Ser319) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using PKD1/PKC mu (Phospho-Ser205) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from NIH/3T3 cells treated with Anisomycin (25mug/ml, 30mins) (lane 1) and NIH/3T3 cells treated with H2O2 (100muM, 30mins) (lane 2), using PKD1/PKC mu (Phospho-Ser205) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody againstnon-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat lung tissue with Phospho-Smad3 (Ser425) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Mouse lung tissue with Phospho-Smad3 (Ser425) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-Smad3 (Ser425) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:500)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Mouse liver tissue with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Thr183/Y185) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human uterus tissue with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Thr183/Y185) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Thr183/Y185) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:2000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat spleen tissue with Phospho-Stat1 (Tyr701) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Rat lung tissue with Phospho-Stat1 (Tyr701) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of COS-7 cells with Phospho-Stat1 (Tyr701) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat lung tissue with Phospho-Chk2 (Thr68) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human uterus tissue with Phospho-Chk2 (Thr68) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of Hela cells using Phospho-Chk2 (Thr68) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:500)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat spleen tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr222/205) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human appendix tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr222/205) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of KB cells with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Tyr222/205) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:500)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat spleen tissue with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded mouse brain with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:50)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-ERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat spleen tissue with Phospho-I?B-? (Ser32/S36) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Mouse kidney tissue with Phospho-I?B-? (Ser32/S36) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of COS-7 cells with Phospho-I?B-? (Ser32/S36) Polyclonal Antibody)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat lung tissue with Phospho-p38 (Thr180) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Rat lung tissue with Phospho-p38 (Thr180) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-p38 (Thr180) Polyclonal Antibody)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of Rat lung tissue with Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Mouse kidney tissue with Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells with Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:1000)
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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