Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Caspase 9 (Phospho-Ser144) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells, using Caspase 9 (Phospho-Ser144) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from SW 626 cells, using beta-Catenin (Ab-37) antibody (Line 1 and 2) and beta-Catenin (phospho-Ser37) antibody (Line 3 and 4).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using beta-Catenin (phospho-Ser37) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (P-peptide - +Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells, using Cytokeratin 8 (Phospho-Ser431) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using Cytokeratin 8 (Phospho-Ser431) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treated with EGF (200ng/ml, 30mins), using Cytokeratin 8 (Phospho-Ser431) antibodyEGF: + +P-peptide: - +.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-purified fromrabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using Catalase (Phospho-Tyr385) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from Jurkat cells, using Catalase (Phospho-Tyr385) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatographyusing non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (P-peptide-+ Immunofluorescence analysis of COS7 cells, using p70 S6 Kinase (Phospho-Ser418) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using p70 S6 Kinase (Phospho-Ser418) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from HT-29 cells, treated with serum (20%, 15mins), using p70 S6 Kinase (Phospho-Ser418) antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (P-peptide-+ Immunofluorescence analysis of HuvEc cells, using Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Phospho-Ser19) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Phospho-Ser19) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treated with Insulin (0.01U/ml, 30mins), using Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Phospho-Ser19) antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from COLO cells, treated with EGF (200ng/ml, 30mins), using Cyclin D2 (Phospho-Thr280) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody againstnon-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using IGF2R (Phospho-Ser2409) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from COS-7 cells, treated with UV (15mins), using IGF2R (Phospho-Ser2409) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle tissue using Arachidonate 5 Lipoxygenase (Phospho-Ser271) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from HuvEc cells, using Arachidonate 5 Lipoxygenase (Phospho-Ser271) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, using PLD1 (Phospho-Thr147) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human lymph node tissue using IkappaB-alpha (Phospho-Tyr305) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from COS7 cells, treated with nocodazole (1ug/ml, 16hours), using IkappaB-alpha (Phospho-Tyr305) antibody.)
Affinity-purified fromrabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using PI3-kinase p85-alpha (Phospho-Tyr607) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from rat kidney cells, using PI3-kinase p85-alpha (Phospho-Tyr607) antibody.)
Affinity-purified fromrabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of the extracts from HeLa cells untreated or treated with hydroxyurea using p53 (Ab-15) Antibody and p53(Phospho-Ser15) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded breast carcinoma, using p53 (Phospho-Ser15) Antibody. Left: Untreated; Right: Treated with synthesized phosphopeptide.)
Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from SK-OV3 cells untreated or estradiol-treated (0.1muM, 20min), using Paxillin (Ab-31) antibody and Paxillin (phospho-Tyr31) antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HL-60 cells using Integrin beta3 (phospho-Tyr773) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Integrin beta3 (phospho-Tyr773) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from MCF7 cells using Estrogen Receptor-alpha (phospho-Ser167) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Estrogen Receptor-alpha (phospho-Ser167) antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from A431 cells, untreated or EGF-treated (200ng/ml, 30min), using Ezrin (Ab-353) antibody and Ezrin (phospho-Tyr353) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue, using Ezrin (phospho-Tyr353) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HL-60 cells using Integrin beta3 (phospho-Tyr773) antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (P-Peptide-+ Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Integrin beta3 (phospho-Tyr773) antibody.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Detection of human Phospho RelA (S468) by western blot. Samples: Whole cell lysate (50 ug) from Jurkat cells treated with TNF alpha and Calyculin A (+) or mock treated (-). Antibodies: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho RelA (S468) antibody AAA211747 (lot AAA211747-3) used for WB at 0.1 ug/ml. Detection: Chemiluminescence with an exposure time of 10 seconds.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Detection of mouse Phospho RelA (S468) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE sections of mouse renal cell carcinoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) and calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho RelA (S468) (Cat. No. AAA211747 Lot2) used at a dilution of 1:1,000 (1ug/ml). Detection: DAB)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of human Phospho RelA (S468) by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of human ovarian carcinoma. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho RelA (S468) (Cat. No. AAA211747 Lot3) used at a dilution of 1:1,000 (1ug/ml). Detection: DAB. Counterstain: IHC Hematoxylin (blue).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Detection of mouse Phospho-RNA Polymerase II (S2) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of mouse teratoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho-RNA Polymerase II (S2). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-RNA Polymerase II (S2) (Cat. No. AAA213995) used at a dilution of 1:250. Detection: DAB)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Detection of human Phospho-RNA Polymerase II (S2) by immunohistochemistry. Samples: FFPE serial sections of human ovarian carcinoma. Mock phosphatase treated section (left) or calf intestinal phosphatase-treated section (right) immunostained for Phospho-RNA Polymerase II (S2). Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti-Phospho-RNA Polymerase II (S2) (Cat. No. AAA213995) used at a dilution of 1:250. Detection: DAB)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Elk1(Phospho-Ser389) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HT29 cells untreated or treated with Anisomycin using Elk1(Phospho-Ser389) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using Caveolin-1(Phospho-Tyr14) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 3T3 cells untreated(lane 1) or treated with H2O2(lane 2) using Caveolin-1(Phospho-Tyr14) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat hippocampal region tissue from a model with Alzheimer)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from mouse brain tissue using Tau(Phospho-Ser396) Antibody and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using HDAC8(Phospho-Ser39) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma tissue using HDAC8(Phospho-Ser39) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Rb(Phospho-Ser807) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 3T3 cells untreated or treated with UV using Rb(Phospho-Ser807) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (IHC image of CSB-RA010833A78phHU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human breast cancer performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4 degree C overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (IHC image of CSB-RA010833A78phHU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human lung cancer performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4 degree C overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in?A549 whole cell lysate(treated with EGF or not)All lanes?Phospho-HSPB1 antibody at 1.5ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 27 KDaObserved band size: 27 KDa)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of Hela cells with CSB-RA015270A62phHU at 1:100,counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4 degree C. The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor 488-congugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in?Hela whole cell lysateAll lanes?Phospho-MYC antibody at 1.4ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 57 KDaObserved band size: 57 KDa)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (IHC image of CSB-RA017407A144phHU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4 degree C overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in?A549 whole cell lysate(treated with EGF or not)All lanes?Phospho-PAK1/PAK2/PAK3 antibody at 1.2ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 65 KDaObserved band size: 65 KDa)
IP (Immunoprecipitation) (Immunoprecipitating Phospho-POLR2A in Hela whole cell lysateLane 1: Rabbit control IgG(1ug)instead of CSB-RA018327A02phHU in Hela whole cell lysate.For western blotting,a HRP-conjugated Protein G antibody was used as the secondary antibody (1/2000)Lane 2: CSB-RA018327A02phHU(3ug)+ Hela whole cell lysate(1mg)Lane 3: Hela whole cell lysate (20ug))
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of Hela cells with CSB-RA018327A02phHU at 1:100,counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4 degree C. The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor 488-congugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (IHC image of CSB-RA018327A02phHU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human ovarian cancer performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4 degree C overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in?Hela whole cell lysate,A549 whole cell lysate,293 whole cell lysateAll lanes?Phospho-POLR2A antibody at 1.02ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 270 KDaObserved band size: 270 KDa)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of HepG2 cells with CSB-RA018699A638phHU at 1:100,counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4 degree C. The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor 488-congugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in?Hela whole cell lysate,A549 whole cell lysate(treated with Calyculin A or EGF)All lanes?Phospho-PRKCA antibody at 0.68ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 80 KDaObserved band size: 80 KDa)
IP (Immunoprecipitation) (Immunoprecipitating Phospho-PTPN11 in Hela whole cell lysate treated with PervanadateLane 1: Rabbit control IgG(1ug)instead of CSB-RA019025A542phHU in Hela whole cell lysate treated with Pervanadate.For western blotting,a HRP-conjugated Protein G antibody was used as the secondary antibody (1/2000)Lane 2: CSB-RA019025A542phHU(3ug)+ Hela whole cell lysate treated with Pervanadate(1mg)Lane 3: Hela whole cell lysate treated with Pervanadate(20ug))
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in?Hela whole cell lysate,293 whole cell lysate,A549 whole cell lysate(treated with Pervanadate or not)All lanes?Phospho-PTPN11 antibody at 0.65ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 68 KDaObserved band size: 68 KDa)
IP (Immunoprecipitation) (Immunoprecipitating Phospho-RPS6KB1 in Hela whole cell lysateLane 1: Rabbit control IgG(1ug)instead of CSB-RA020470A421phHU in Hela whole cell lysate.For western blotting,a HRP-conjugated Protein G antibody was used as the secondary antibody (1/2000)Lane 2: CSB-RA020470A421phHU(3ug)+ Hela whole cell lysate(1mg)Lane 3: Hela whole cell lysate (20ug))
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of Hela cells with CSB-RA020470A421phHU at 1:100,counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4 degree C. The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor 488-congugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western BlotPositive WB detected in?293 whole cell lysate(treated with Calyculin A or not)All lanes?Phospho-RPS6KB1 antibody at 0.93ug/mlSecondaryGoat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilutionPredicted band size: 70 KDaObserved band size: 70 KDa)
Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot
Purity
Affinity-Chromatography
Pricing
What Are Phospho Antibodies?
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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