Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
Affinity Purified (Prepared from rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho- and dephosphopeptide affinity columns.)
Antigen Affinity Purified from Pooled Serum (Prepared from pooled rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho and non-phosphopeptide affinity columns.)
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis was used to confirm the specificity of RNA Pol II phospho Thr4 antibody 10, 50 and 250 pmoles of RNA Pol II CTD were spotted onto nitrocellulose and probed with the antibody at 1 ug/ml. Lane 1: RNA Pol II CTD phospho-Thr4. Lane 2: RNA Pol II CTD Thr4 (unmodified))
Application Data (RNA pol II CTD phospho Thr4 antibody tested by bead-based assay Luminex bead-based specificity analysis was used to confirm the specificity of RNA pol II CTD phospho Thr4 antibody for RNA pol II CTD peptides conjugated to MagPlex Luminex beads and incubated with 50ng of RNA pol II CTD phospho Thr4 antibody. Peptide-bound antibody was detected with anti-mouse IgG-Phycoerythrin and read in a Luminex instrument. (Luminex is a registered trademark of Luminex Corporation.))
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot of RNA pol II CTD phospho Thr4 mAb. 30 ug of HeLa cell nuclear extract was probed with RNA pol II CTD phospho Thr4 antibody at 2 ug/ml in buffer containing 0.05% Tween.)
DB (Dot Blot) (RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 antibody (pAb) tested by dot blot analysis. Dot blot analysis was used to confirm the specificity of RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 pAb. Peptides corresponding to the immunogen and related peptides were spotted onto PVDF and probed with the antibody at a dilution of 1:2,000. The amount of peptide (picomoles) spotted is indicated next to each row. Lane 1: Phospho Ser2 of RNA Pol II CTD peptide. Lane 2: Unmodified RNA Pol II CTD peptide. Lane 3: Phospho Ser5 of RNA Pol II CTD peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 antibody (pAb) tested by Western blot. HeLa cell nuclear extract (20 ug per lane) was probed with RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 pAb at a dilution of 1:2,000.)
WB (Western Blot) (RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 antibody (pAb) tested by Immunoprecipitation. 10 ul of RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 antibody was used to immunoprecipitate RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 from 250 ug of HeLa nuclear cell extract (lane 2). 10 ul of rabbit IgG was used as a negative control (lane 1). The immunoprecipitated protein was detected by Western blotting using the RNA Pol II CTD phospho Ser2 antibody at a dilution of 1:1,000.)
WB (Western Blot) (RNA pol II phospho Ser2 antibody (mAb) (Clone 3E7C7) tested by Western blot. HeLa nuclear extract (30 ug per lane) probed with RNA pol II phospho Ser2 antibody (mAb) at a 1 ug/ml dilution.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (RNA pol II phospho Ser2 antibody (mAb) (Clone 3E7C7) tested by Immunofluorescence. Left: HeLa cell stained with RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser2 antibody (mAb). Middle: DAPI. Right: Merge.)
WB (Western Blot) (RNA pol II phospho Ser7 antibody (mAb) (Clone 3D4A12) tested by Western blot. HeLa nuclear extract (40 ug per lane) probed with RNA pol II phospho Ser7 antibody (mAb) at a 2 ug/ml dilution.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (RNA pol II phospho Ser7 antibody (mAb) (Clone 3D4A12) tested by Immunofluorescence. Left: HeLa cell stained with RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser7 antibody (mAb). Middle: DAPI. Right: Merge.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using Period Circadian Protein 2 (Phospho-Ser662) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 3T3 ¬HeLa and K562 cells, using Period Circadian Protein 2 (Phospho-Ser662) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 3T3 cells, treated with PMA (125ng/ml, 30mins), using Period Circadian Protein 2 (Phospho-Ser662) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Period Circadian Protein 2 (Phospho-Ser662) Antibody
Gene Names
PER2; FASPS; FASPS1
Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Applications
Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, treated with IFNa or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using STAT3 (Phospho-Ser727) Antibody AAA302069.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using STAT3(Phospho-Ser727) Antibody AAA302069.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using STAT3(Phospho-Ser727) Antibody AAA302069 (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela and HepG2 cells untreated or treated with PMA usingSTAT3(Phospho-Ser727) Antibody AAA302069.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
By immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy using non-phosphopeptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue, using c-Jun (Phospho-Ser63) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells using c-Jun (Phospho-Ser63) Antibody.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using ATF2(Phospho-Thr71 or 53) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HUVEC cells untreated or treated with Anisomycin using ATF2 (Phospho-Thr71 or 53) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin- embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Src (phospho- Tyr418) antibody ().)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from COLO205 cells using Src (Ab-418) antibody (#21115, Lane 1 and 2) and Src (phospho-Tyr418) antibody (, Lane 3 and 4).)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using p53(Phospho-Ser315) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using p53(Phospho-Ser315) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells using p53(Phospho-Ser315) Antibody (Lane 2) and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(Lane1).)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MEF cells using PKM2 (phospho-Ser37) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of in vitro kinase assays carried out with puried active ERK2, wild-type (WT) PKM2 and PKM2 S37A mutant using PKM2(phospho-Ser37)Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from C6 cells using Tau(Phospho-Ser404) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using Tau(Phospho-Ser404) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat hippocampal region tissue from a model with Alzheimer)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from C6 cells, treated with calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using Tau (Phospho-Ser404) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue using Chk1 (Phospho-Ser296) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HUVEC cells treated with UV using Chk1 (Phospho-Ser296) Antibody.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NF-kappaB p105(phospho-Ser907) antibody ().)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extract from HeLa cells untreated or treated with TNF-alpha using NF-kappaB p105(phospho-Ser907) antibody ().)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NudC (Phospho-Ser326) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells (Lane 2), using NudC (Phospho-Ser326) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from rat brain cells, using NudC (Phospho-Ser326) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using BAD(Phospho-Ser112) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from cos7 cells untreated or treated with EGF using BAD(Phospho-Ser112) Antibody)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from mouse liver cells, using Akt (Phospho-Tyr326) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma tissue using SMC1(Phospho-Ser957) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with UV using SMC1(Phospho-Ser957) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tumor tissue using Bcr(Phospho-Tyr177) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells untreated or treated with H2O2 using Bcr(Phospho-Tyr177) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treated with Anisomycin or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using JNK1/JNK2/JNK3 (phospho-Thr183/Tyr185) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using JNK1/JNK2/JNK3(phospho-Thr183/Tyr185) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from C6 cells untreated or treated with anisomycin using JNK1/JNK2/JNK3(phospho-Thr183/Tyr185) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinomatissue using eIF4B(Phospho-Ser422) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells untreated or treated with EGF using eIF4B(phospho-Ser422) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Ezrin(Phospho-Tyr353) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with EGF using Ezrin(Phospho-Tyr353) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
Pricing
What Are Phospho Antibodies?
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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