Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of PKA R2 (Phospho-Ser99) in paraffin-embedded Human tonsil using PKA R2 (Phospho-Ser99) Rabbit mAb at dilution 1/100)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot detection of Phospho-PKA RIIalpha (Ser99) in Rat Brain,C6 cell lysates using Phospho-PKA RIIalpha (Ser99) Rabbit mAb(1:1000 diluted).Predicted band size:46kDa.Observed band size:50kDa.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-PKA C (Thr197) using COLO205 whole cell lysates)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA327245 staining Hela cells by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody, diluted at 1/600, was used as secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA327245 at 1/100 staining Mouse kidney tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue using anti- phospho-Synapsin �� (S9) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat brain tissue using anti- phospho-Synapsin �� (S9) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human Lung Carcinoma Tissue using Phospho-Akt Ser473 Mouse mAb diluted at 1:200.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of PC3 Cell Lysate using Phospho-Akt Ser473 Mouse mAb diluted at 1:1000.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescent analysis of TPL2 (phospho-Thr290) staining in HepG2 cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight 594-conjugated secondary antibody (red) in PBS at room temperature in the dark. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of TPL2 (phospho-Thr290) staining in human breast cancer formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section. The section was then incubated with the antibody at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of TPL2 (phospho-Thr290) expression in HepG2, mouse liver, rat liver whole cell lysates.)
WB (Western Blot) (RNA pol II phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb) (Clone 1H4B6) tested by Western blot. HeLa nuclear extract (40 ug per lane) probed with RNA pol II phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb) at a 1 ug/ml dilution.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (RNA pol II phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb) (Clone 1H4B6) tested by Immunofluorescence. Left: HeLa cell stained with RNA pol II CTD phospho Ser5 antibody (mAb). Middle: DAPI. Right: Merge.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Arrestin 1 (Phospho-Ser412) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from COS7 cells treated with Etoposide using Arrestin 1 (Phospho-Ser412) Antibody.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse testis tissue using anti- Phospho-Histone H2A.X (S139) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Histone H2A.X (S139) on HepG2 cell lysates using anti-Phospho-Histone H2A.X (S139) antibody at 1/1, 000 dilution. Positive control: Lane 1: HepG2 cell lysate�Ctreated with etoposide Lane 3: HepG2 cell lysate�Cuntreated)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (AAA327182 at 1/100 staining Human breast cancer tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of phospho-ATR(S428) using COLO205 whole cell lysates)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA327189 staining A549 cells(4h of LPS treatment) by IF/ICC. The samples were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100,then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25°C. Samples were then incubated with primary Ab(AAA327189) and mouse anti-beta tubulin Ab for 1 hour at 37°C. An AlexaFluor594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG(H+L) Ab(Red) and an AlexaFluor488 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG(H+L) Ab(Green) were used as the secondary Ab. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (AAA327189 at 1/100 staining Human normal tissues adjacent to mammary cancer by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehydefixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4°C overnight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-nrf2(S40) using HT-29 whole cell lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Doublecortin (Ser334) using K562 whole cell lysates)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA327235 at 1/100 staining Human brain cancer tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of PC3 Cell Lysate using Phospho-Akt Ser473 Mouse mAb diluted at 1:1000.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human Lung Carcinoma Tissue using Phospho-Akt Ser473 Mouse mAb diluted at 1:200.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for immunogen phosphor-peptide (left) and non-phospho peptide (right), using Anti-ASK1 (Phospho-Ser966) Antibody.)
Application Data (Jurkat cells were grown to 90% confluency and were stimulated with U.V. 150 J/s and incubated for 1 hr. Cells were immediately lysed thereafter and measured for Total Protein Concentration and O.D. 450 nm of ASK1 P-Ser966 versus untreated Jurkat lysates.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for immunogen phosphor-peptide (left) and non-phospho peptide (right), using Anti-SP1 (Phospho-Thr739) Antibody.)
Application Data (Hek 293 cells were grown to 90% confluency and were stimulated with 20% Serum and incubated for 1 hr. Cells were immediately lysed thereafter and measured for Total Protein Concentration and O.D. 450 nm of SP1 P-Thr739 versus untreated Hek 293 lysates.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of HT29 cells treated with nocodazole, using Phospho-Myt1 (Ser83) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321353 at 1/100 staining Human thyroid cancer tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treated with UV+serum or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using Histone H2A.X (Phospho-Ser139) Antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using Histone H2A.X(Phospho-Ser139) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HT29 cells untreated(lane 1) or treated with UV(lane 2) using Histone H2A.X(Phospho-Ser139) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using Phospho-MEF2C-S396 antibody. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of K-562 and MCF-7 cells, using Phospho-MEF2C-S396 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. K562 cells were treated by 10% FBS for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight. MCF7 cells were treated by EGF (100ng/ml) for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using Phospho-SYK-Y323 antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-SYK-Y323 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Jurkat cells using phospho-SYK-Y323 antibody.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells showing cytoplasmic, nuclear, centrosomal, midbody staining using Phospho-HSPB1-S78 antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-HSPB1-S78 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cells, using Phospho-HSPB1-S78 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. HeLa cells were treated by UV for 15-30 minutes or treated by serum-starvation overnight or treated by Anisomycin (25ug/ml) for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 30s.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells (Lane 2), using TAK1 (Phospho-Thr184) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, treated with TNF (20ng/ml, 5mins), using TAK1 (Phospho-Thr184) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA327232 staining HeLa by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (AAA327232 at 1/100 staining Rat kidney tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of PKC epsilon (phospho S729) using HUVEC whole cell lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-HER3/ErbB3 (Tyr1289) using HeLa whole cell lysates)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA327251 at 1/100 staining Mouse brain tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA327321 staining NIH-3T3 cells by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody, diluted at 1/600, was used as secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-MAP2K7(Thr275) using HepG2 whole lysates.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells using Phospho-NF?B-p105/p50 (S337) Polyclonal Antibody diluted at 1:500)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human breast cancer. Antibody was diluted at 1:100(4 degree overnight). High-pressure and temperature Tris-EDTA,pH8.0 was used for antigen retrieval. Negetive contrl (right) obtaned from antibody was pre-absorbed by immunogen peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human breast cancer. Antibody was diluted at 1:100(4 degree overnight). High-pressure and temperature Tris-EDTA,pH8.0 was used for antigen retrieval. Negetive contrl (right) obtaned from antibody was pre-absorbed by immunogen peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer, using NF-?B p105/p50 (Phospho-Ser337) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the NF-?B p105/p50 (Phospho-Ser337) peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of NF-?B p105/p50 (Phospho-Ser337) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the NF-?B p105/p50 (Phospho-Ser337) peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of various cells using Phospho-IRS-1 (S307) Polyclonal Antibody diluted at 1:1000)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human breast cancer. Antibody was diluted at 1:100(4 degree overnight). High-pressure and temperature Tris-EDTA,pH8.0 was used for antigen retrieval. Negetive contrl (right) obtaned from antibody was pre-absorbed by immunogen peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human breast cancer. Antibody was diluted at 1:100(4 degree overnight). High-pressure and temperature Tris-EDTA,pH8.0 was used for antigen retrieval. Negetive contrl (right) obtaned from antibody was pre-absorbed by immunogen peptide.)
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Phospho-ELISA) for Immunogen Phosphopeptide (Phospho-left) and Non-Phosphopeptide (Phospho-right), using IRS-1 (Phospho-Ser307) Antibody)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer, using IRS-1 (Phospho-Ser307) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the IRS-1 (Phospho-Ser307) peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of 1 Hela treated with LPS, 2 Hela,using primary antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of MCF-7 cells using Phospho-ELK1-S383 antibody. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of Jurkat cells, using Phospho-ELK1-S383 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Jurkat cells were treated by Anisomycin (5ug/ml) for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 10s.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of A-431 cells, using Phospho-PLCG1-Y783 antibody (AAA37406) at 1:1000 dilution.A-431 cells were treated by EGF (25 ug/ml) at 37°C for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST.Detection: ECL Basic Kit .Exposure time: 30s.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using Phospho-ZAP70-Y319 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of Jurkat cells, using phospho-ZAP70-Y319 antibody and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of MCF-7 cells using Phospho-CDK1-T161 antibody. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cells, using Phospho-CDK1-T161 antibody at 1:2000 dilution. HeLa cells were treated by Nocodazole (50ng/ml) for 20 hours.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 30s.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from RAW264.7 cells treated with G-CSF 25ng/ml 15', using IL-3R beta (Phospho-Tyr593) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain, using IL-3R beta (Phospho-Tyr593) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:2000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of 1) Hela Cell Lysate, 2) Mouse Heart Tissue Lysate, 3)Rat Heart Tissue Lysate using GSK 3? Mouse mAb diluted at 1:1000.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human Lung Carcinoma Tissue using GSK3? Mouse mAb diluted at 1:200.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA327267 staining NIH-3T3 cells by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody, diluted at 1/600, was used as secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of MAPKAP Kinase 2 (phospho T334) using COLO205 whole lysates.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using Phospho-Jun-S73 antibody. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of 293 and NIH/3T3 cells, using Phospho-Jun-S73 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. 293 cells were treated by UV for 15-30 minutes. NIH/3T3 cells were treated by Anisomycin (25ug/ml) for 30 minutes.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 5min.)
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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