Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human Stomach Carcinoma Tissue using Phospho-Smad3 (S425) Mouse mAb diluted at 1:200)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Human Skin Tissue using Phospho-Smad3 (S425)Mouse mAb diluted at 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (AAA321407 at 1/100 staining Human breast cancer tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of hela cells, using Phospho-TLK1 (Ser743) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of BRCA1 phosphorylation expression in whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321610 at 1/100 staining human breast carcinoma tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321636 at 1/100 staining human Kidney tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321636 staining 293 by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of SOX-9 phosphorylation expression in NIH-3T3 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321636 staining A549 cells by ICC/IF. Cells were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% saponin prior to blocking in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 37 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted 1/400 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. A Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG (H+L), diluted 1/600 was used as secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-SOX-9 (Ser181) expression in various lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Cortactin (Tyr466) expression in various lysates)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Cortactin phosphorylation expression in COS7 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (AAA321727 at 1/200 staining human brain tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321727 staining HeLa by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA323708 staining SW626 cells by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody, diluted at 1/600, was used as secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-beta-Catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) using HepG2 whole cell lysates)
Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot
Purity
From purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing
Application Data (The TFact p53 (Phospho-Ser376) DNA-Binding ELISA detects active p53 (Phospho-Ser376) in Hela, MCF7 and HepG2 Nuclear Extract. The Hela, MCF7 and HepG2 cells were grown 3 days in DMEM with 10% FBS and harvested for nuclear extract.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma tissue using SMC1(Phospho-Ser957) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with UV using SMC1(Phospho-Ser957) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HeLa cells treated with UV, using HSP27 (Phospho-Ser15) Antibody. The lane on the left is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using HSP27 (Phospho-Ser15) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from NIH/3T3 cells treated with EGF 200ng/ml 30', using B-RAF (Phospho-Ser602) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human lymph node, using B-RAF (Phospho-Ser602) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MCF-7 cells using Phospho-FOXO4-S197 antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue, using Phospho-FOXO4-S197 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells using phospho-FOXO4-S197 antibody.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using ATF2(Phospho-Thr69 or 51) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using ATF2(Phospho-Thr69 or 51) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 3T3 cells untreated or treated with Anisomycin using ATF2(Phospho-Thr69 or 51) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using EGFR(Phospho-Tyr1197) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HUVEC cells untreated or treated with EGF using EGFR(Phospho-Tyr1197) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells, untreated (-) or treated, 1:5000. Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:20000 cells nucleus extracted by Minute TM Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Fractionation kit (SC-003,Inventbiotech,MN,USA).)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-AMPK alpha 2 (S345) in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-AMPK alpha 2 (S345) in 293 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse pancreas tissue using anti-Phospho-AMPK alpha 2 (S345) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue using anti-Phospho-AMPK alpha 2 (S345) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Nucleolin (T84) expression in (1) K562 cell lysate; (2) K562 cell treated with Calyculin A lysate.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from COS7 cells, using AMPK alpha (Phospho-Thr172) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using AMPK alpha (Phospho-Thr172) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HeLa cells treated with forskolin 40nM 30', using NFAT5/TonEBP (Phospho-Ser155) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HUVEC cells, using Arachidonate 5 Lipoxygenase (Phospho-Ser271) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle, using Arachidonate 5 Lipoxygenase (Phospho-Ser271) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-MYL12A-S18 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with starvation using Phospho-MYL12A-S18 antibody.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using Phospho-MAPT-S404 antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat hippocampal region tissue from a model with Alzheimer, using Phospho-MAPT-S404 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of SH-SY5Y and C6 cells, using Phospho-MAPT-S404 antibody at 1:2000 dilution. SH-SY5Y cells were treated by Okadaic Acid (100nM) for 1 hour and Calyculin A (100nM) for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.C6 cell lysates were treated by CIP at 37 degree C for 1 hour.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 3s.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using Phospho-G3BP1-S232 antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-G3BP1-S232 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, using Phospho-G3BP1-S232 antibody.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using Phospho-NOS3-S1177 antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-NOS3-S1177 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using Phospho-NOS3-S1177 antibody.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NF-κB p105(phospho-Ser907) antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extract from HeLa cells untreated or treated with TNF-α using NF-kappa;B p105(phospho-Ser907) antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-DAXX-S213 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-DAXX-S213 in mouse thymus tissue lysate)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extract from MDA-MB-435 cells untreated or treated with TNF-alpha (20ng/ml, 5min) using NF-kappaB p100(phospho-Ser870) antibody ().)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NF-kappaB p100(phospho- Ser870) antibody ().)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed HeLa cells using NF-kappaB p100(phospho-Ser870) antibody (, Red).)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Integrin b3(Phospho-Tyr773) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells using Integrin b3(Phospho-Tyr773) Antibody and the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human skin tissue with Phospho-MLKL (Ser358) Monoclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human colon carcinoma tissue with Phospho-MLKL (Ser358) Monoclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using EGFR(Phospho-Tyr1172) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from A431 cells untreated or treated with EGF using EGFR(Phospho-Tyr1172) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Rat brain tissue or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using Synapsin (phospho-Ser549) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extract from rat brain and mouse brain tissue using Synapsin(phospho-Ser549) Antibody using)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining SIRT1 (phospho S47) in SW480 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining SIRT1 (phospho S47) in HepG2 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining SIRT1 (phospho S47) in A549 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue using anti-SIRT1 (phospho S47) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HepG2 cells, COLO205 cells and HUVEC cells, using PKC delta (Phospho-Tyr313) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using PKC delta (Phospho-Tyr313) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Mouse brain tissue using DRP-2 (Phospho-Thr514) Antibody.The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
ICC (Immunocytochemistry) (ICC staining Phospho-EGFR (Y1092) in BT-20 cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.25% Triton X100/PBS.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse skin tissue using anti-Phospho-EGFR (Y1092) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue using anti-Phospho-EGFR (Y1092) antibody. Counter stained with hematoxylin.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-EGFR (Y1092) on different lysates using anti-Phospho-EGFR (Y1092) antibody at 1/1, 000 dilution. Positive control: Lane 1: A431 treated with EGF Lane 2: Untreated A431)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of Cdk1/2 (phospho-Thr14) in paraffin-embedded Human lung cancer tissue using Cdk1/2 (phospho-Thr14) Rabbit mAb at dilution 1/50)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot detection of Cdk1/2 (phospho-Thr14) in HepG2,U2OS,U251 using Cdk1/2 (phospho-Thr14) Rabbit mAb(1:1000 diluted))
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed Hela cells using p90RSK(Phospho-Thr348) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using p90RSK(Phospho-Thr348) Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Hela cells untreated or treated with UV using p90RSK(Phospho-Thr348) Antibody.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatogramphy usi
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of NFAT3 (Phospho-Ser168+Ser170) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the NFAT3 (Phospho-Ser168+Ser170) peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence staining of methanol-fixed MCF-7 cells using Phospho-ESR1-S118 antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-ESR1-S118 antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from MDA cells using Phospho-ESR1-S118 antibody.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.)
The antibody was purified by immunogen affinity chromatography.
Pricing
What Are Phospho Antibodies?
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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