Phospho-specific antibodies’ typical purpose is to enable researchers to detect changes in proteins. They will exclusively bind to the amino acid sequence on a protein that has been phosphorylated (which is both a physical & chemical change) and do not bind to the same amino acid sequence on said protein if it lacks said phosphorylation. This aids in being able to clearly see and understand the data produced from this particular protein modification.
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining rat liver tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining rat spleen tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining rat uterine tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining human liver tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining human appendiceal tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining human gastric tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining human pancreatic tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining mouse lung tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining mouse testicular tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30944 at 1/100 staining mouse gastric tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Phospho-HSP20 (Ser16) Antibody for IHC in human testis)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30944 staining HeLa cells by ICC/IF. Cells were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% saponin prior to blocking in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 37 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted 1/400 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. A Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG (H+L), diluted 1/600 was used as secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of HSP20 phosphorylation expression in whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30940 staining HuvEc by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various tissue sample, using Phospho-GSK3 beta (Ser9) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining rat ovarian tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining rat gastric tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining rat uterine tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining human glioma tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining human gastric tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining human pancreatic tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining mouse brain tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining mouse kidney tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30940 at 1/100 staining mouse gastric tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30940 staining lovo cells by ICC/IF. Cells were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% saponin prior to blocking in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 37 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted 1/400 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. A Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG (H+L), diluted 1/600 was used as secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various tissue sample, using Phospho-GSK3 beta (Ser9) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of various tissue sample, using Phospho-GSK3 beta (Ser9) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
Application Data (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
WB (Western Blot) (Dilution: Western Blot: 1/500 - 1/2000. Immunohistochemistry: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/10000. Not yet tested in other applications.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining mouse testis tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining mouse spleen tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining mouse pancreas tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30965 staining 293 by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Myc phosphorylation expression in Forskolin treated 293 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30965 staining HeLa cells treated with Forskolin 40nM 30' by ICC/IF. Cells were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% saponin prior to blocking in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 37 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted 1/400 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. A Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG (H+L), diluted 1/600 was used as secondary antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-Myc (Ser62) expression in various lysates)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining rat ovarian tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining rat kidney tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining rat uterine tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining human liver tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30965 at 1/100 staining human appendiceal tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30949 at 1/50 staining human breast cancer tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of IKK alpha/IKK beta phosphorylation expression in TNF treated NIH-3T3 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of TIMP4 expression in NIH-3T3 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.Western blot analysis of extracts of various celllines, using Phospho-PDK1 (Ser241) Antibody.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of IKK alpha/IKK beta phosphorylation expression in TNF treated Hela whole cell lysates, The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30949 at 1/200 staining human breast cancer tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30949 at 1/50 staining human breast cancer tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of PC-12 cells using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at dilution of 1:50 (40x lens). Secondary antibody: Cy3-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS007) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at dilution of 1:50 (40x lens). Secondary antibody: Cy3-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS007) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of A-549 cells using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at dilution of 1:50 (40x lens). Secondary antibody: Cy3-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS007) at 1:500 dilution. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human colon tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human breast tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human esophagus tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human tonsil tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat lung tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse spleen tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse colon tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat intestine tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse lung tissue using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at a dilution of 1:200 (40x lens). High pressure antigen retrieval was performed with 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) prior to IHC staining.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of various lysates using Phospho-POLR2A CTD-S5 Rabbit mAb (AAA28613) at 1:1000 dilution. MCF7 cells were treated by Doxorubicin (0. 5 uM) at 37? for 24 hours or treated by nocodazole (50 ng/mL) at 37? for 20 hours or treated by CIP(20uL/400ul) at 37? for 1 hour. C2C12 cells were treated by CIP(20uL/400ul) at 37? for 1 hour.Secondary antibody: HRP-conjugated Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020).Exposure time: 1s.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining rat testicular tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining rat ovarian tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining mouse testis tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining mouse spleen tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining mouse kidney tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining human liver tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining human appendiceal tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistchemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining human skin tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30943 at 1/100 staining human glioma tissue sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of I kappaB epsilon phosphorylation expression in TNF-a treated Jurkat whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-I kappaB epsilon (Ser22) expression in various lysates)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30943 staining HeLa cells by ICC/IF. Cells were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% saponin prior to blocking in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 37 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted 1/400 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. A Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG (H+L), diluted 1/600 was used as secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry: Human carcinoma (FFPE) stained with Rabbit anti-TGF at 1:200 for 10 min @ RT. Staining of formalin-fixed tissue requires boiling tissue sections in 10 mM Citrate Buffer, pH 6.0 for 10 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 min.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot: : The EGF stimulated A431 cell lysates (20 ug/lane) immunoblotted by Rabbit anti GSK-3beta (pY216) (Cat# AAA14095) antibody at 1:500. Observed a major immunoreactive band at molecular weight ~46kDa.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells(H2O2 treatment), using Phospho-EGFR (Tyr992)[Tyr1016] Ab. The lane on the left was treated with blocking peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of EGFR phosphorylation expression in Serum treated HuvEc whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-EGFR (Tyr1016) expression in various lysates)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA30961 at 1/100 staining Mouse colon tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30961 staining SK-OV3 by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA30961 staining BT-20 cells by ICC/IF. Cells were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% saponin prior to blocking in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 37 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted 1/400 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. A Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG (H+L), diluted 1/600 was used as secondary antibody.)
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry
Purity
The Ab is from purified rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho-peptide and non-phospho-peptide affinity columns.
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from JurKat cells, using FGFR4 (Phospho-Tyr642) antibody.P-Peptide: - (Lane 1) + (Lane 2))
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
Human (Identities = 100%, Positives =100%) Mouse (Identities = 100%, Positives= 100%) Rat (Identities = 100%, Positives = 100%)
Applications
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry
Purity
Affinity-purified fromrabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells, using PKR (Ab-446) antibody (, Lane 1 and 2) and PKR (phospho-Thr446) antibody (AAA17980, Lane 3 and 4).)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue, using PKR (phospho-Thr446) antibody.(AAA17980))
Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry
Purity
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Connexin 43(Phospho-Ser367) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells untreated or treated with PMA using Connexin 43(phospho-Ser368) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of 1,mouse-liver 2,hela 3,mouse-brain cells using primary antibody diluted at 1:1000(4 degree C overnight). Secondary antibody:Goat Anti-rabbit IgG IRDye 800( diluted at 1:5000, 25 degree C, 1 hour))
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of hela cells using primary antibody diluted at 1:1000(4 degree C overnight). Secondary antibody:Goat Anti-rabbit IgG IRDye 800( diluted at 1:5000, 25 degree C, 1 hour))
The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
Pricing
DB (Dot Blot) (Dot blot analysis of anti-Phospho-IRS2-pY978 Antibody on nitrocellulose membrane. 50ng of Phospho-peptide or Non Phospho-peptide per dot were adsorbed. Antibody working concentrations are 0.5ug per ml.)
IHC (Immunohistochemisry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using NudC (Phospho-Ser326) antibody. The picture on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells (Lane 2), using NudC (Phospho-Ser326) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with synthesized peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from rat brain cells, using NudC (Phospho-Ser326) antibody. The lane on the right is treated with the synthesized peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from K562 cells treated with forskolin 40nM 30' and 293 cells treated with PMA 125ng/ml 30', using Calsenilin/KCNIP3 (Phospho-Ser63) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain, using Calsenilin/KCNIP3 (Phospho-Ser63) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of HeLa cells, using Calsenilin/KCNIP3 (Phospho-Ser63) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot
Purity
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cancer tissue reacted with the primary antibody, which was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining. This data demonstrates the use of this antibody for immunohistochemistry; clinical relevance has not been evaluated. BC = breast carcinoma; HC = hepatocarcinoma.)
WB (Western Blot) (The anti-Phospho-Rad9-S272 Pab is used in Western blot to detect Phospho-Rad9-S272 in HL60 (left), Hela(middle), and Y79(right)tissue lysates.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using cofilin1/cofilin2(Phospho-Tyr88) Antibody(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from Mouse heart tissue using cofilin1/cofilin2(phospho-Tyr88) Antibody.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
Pricing
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Telomerase (Phospho-Ser227) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the Telomerase (Phospho-Ser227) peptide.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using WWOX (Phospho-Tyr33) antibody. Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells, treated with PMA (125ng/ml, 30mins), using WWOX (Phospho-Tyr33) antibody.)
Affinity-purified fromrabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma tissue using FHIT (Phospho-Tyr114) antibody. FHIT (Phospho-Tyr114) antibody reacts with epitope-specific phosphopeptide and corresponding non-phosphopeptide. The absorbance readings at 450 nM are shown in the ELISA figure.)
Affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. The antibody against non-phosphopeptide was removed by chromatography using non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the phosphorylation site.
IP (Immunoprecipitation) (Immunoprecipitation analysis of 200ug extracts of HeLa cells, using 3 ug Phospho-HSPB1-S82 pAb (AAA36652). Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using Phospho-HSPB1-S82 pAb (AAA36652) at a dilition of 1:1000. HeLa cells were treated by EGF (100 ng/mL) at 37°C for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cells, using Phospho-HSPB1-S82 pAb (AAA36652) at 1:1000 dilution or HSPB1 antibody . HeLa cells were treated by UV at room temperature for 15-30 minutes. HeLa cells were treated by Anisomycin (25 ug/mL) at 37°C for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 10s.)
IP (Immunoprecipitation) (Immunoprecipitation analysis of 200ug extracts of HeLa cells treated by EGF using 2.5ug Phospho-HSPB1-S82 antibody. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using Phospho-HSPB1-S82 antibody at a dilition of 1:1000.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (Immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using Phospho-HSPB1-S82 antibody (AAA36652). Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cells, using Phospho-HSPB1-S82 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. HeLa cells were treated by EGF (100ng/ml) for 30 minutes after serum-starvation overnight.Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:10000 dilution.Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane.Blocking buffer: 3% BSA.Detection: ECL Basic Kit.Exposure time: 1min.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from K562 cells, usingPhospho-Beclin-1 (Ser15) Antibody. Lane1 was treated withphospho-blocking peptide, Lane2 was treated with non-phospho-blocking peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321307 at 1/100 staining Rat colorectal tissue by IHC-P. Thesample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigenretrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample wasthen blocked and incubated with the primary antibody at 4°Covernight. An HRP conjugated anti-Rabbit antibody was usedas the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Estrogen Receptor-alpha (Phospho-Ser102) antibody (left)or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts from HuvEc cells (Lane 2), using Estrogen Receptor-alpha (Phospho-Ser102) Antibody. The lane on the left is treated with antigen-specific peptide.)
Antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with synthetic phosphopeptide and KLH conjugates. Antibodies were purified by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific phosphopeptide. Non-phospho specific antibodies were removed by chromatography usin
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of Phospho-PKC alpha (Thr638) in paraffin-embedded human colon cancer tissue using Phospho-PKC alpha (Thr638) Rabbit mAb at dilution 1/100)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot detection of Phospho-PKC alpha (Thr638) in K562,C6 cell lysates using Phospho-PKC alpha (Thr638) Rabbit mAb(1:1000 diluted).Predicted band size:77kDa.Observed band size:80kDa.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from Jurkat cells treated with starved 24h, using FER (Phospho-Tyr402) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain, using FER (Phospho-Tyr402) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
Pricing
Application Data (The TFact CREB (Phospho-Ser121) DNA-Binding ELISA detects active CREB (Phospho-Ser121) in Hela Nuclear Extract. The Hela cells were grown 3 days in DMEM with 10% FBS and harvested for nuclear extract.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western Blot analysis of Hela treated or untreated by LPS lysis, using primary antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Breast cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of A431 cells treated with EGF, using Phospho-Afadin (Ser1799) Antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321299 at 1/100 staining Human thyroid cancer tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
IF (Immunofluorescence) (AAA321586 staining NIH-3T3 by IF/ICC. The sample were fixed with PFA and permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100, then blocked in 10% serum for 45 minutes at 25 degree C. The primary antibody was diluted at 1/200 and incubated with the sample for 1 hour at 37 degree C. An Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) Ab, diluted at 1/600, was used as the secondary antibody.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321586 at 1/100 staining Human prostate tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of CDC25B phosphorylation expression in etoposide treated COS7 whole cell lysates, The lane on the left is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of Phospho-CDC25B (Ser353) Antibody expression in etoposide treated COS7 cells lysates.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (AAA321586 at 1/100 staining human brain tissues sections by IHC-P. The tissue was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The tissue was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 33 degree C)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from MCF7 cells, using Estrogen Receptor-alpha (Phospho-Ser106) Antibody. The lane on the left is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using Estrogen Receptor-alpha (Phospho-Ser106) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from HepG2 cells treated with serum 20% 15', using OSR1 (Phospho-Thr185) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from mouse brain, using Dynamin-1 (Phospho-Ser774) Antibody. The lane on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain, using Dynamin-1 (Phospho-Ser774) Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked with the phospho peptide.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemistry of Glucocorticoid Receptor (phospho-Ser226) in paraffin-embedded Human tonsil using Glucocorticoid Receptor (phospho-Ser226) Rabbit mAb at dilution 1/50)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot detection of phospho-Glucocorticoid Receptor (Ser226) in Hela,A549,C6 cell lysates using phospho-Glucocorticoid Receptor (Ser226) Rabbit mAb(1:1000 diluted).Predicted band size:86kDa.Observed band size:94kDa.)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Mouse Brain Tissue using CaMKIIb/ g /&d (Phospho Thr287) Mouse mAb diluted at 1:200.)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Rat Brain Tissue using CaMKIIb/ g /&d (Phospho Thr287) (mAb diluted at 1:200.)
Purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using phospho peptide. The antibody against non-phospho peptide was removed by chromatography using corresponding non-phospho peptide.
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of lysates from K562 cells, primary antibody was diluted at 1:1000, 4 degree over night)
IHC (Immunohistochemistry) (Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human uterus. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4 degree overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was used for antigen retrieval. 3,Secondary antibody was diluted at 1:200(room temperature, 45min).)
IHC (Immunohiostchemistry) (AAA321376 at 1/100 staining Human thyroid cancer tissue by IHC-P. The sample was formaldehyde fixed and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step in citrate buffer was performed. The sample was then blocked and incubated with the antibody for 1.5 hours at 22 degree C. An HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody was used as the secondary.)
WB (Western Blot) (Western blot analysis of extracts of C2C12 cells treated with CIP, using Phospho-PTPalpha (Tyr798/789) Antibody.)
Protein phosphorylation is a process where a phosphate group is added to certain amino acid residues of a protein – usually serine (S), threonine (T), or tyrosine (Y) - by enzymes called kinases. This process is integral in controlling cellular signaling, cellular growth, and other biological functions.
Our catalog includes a wide range of phospho-specific antibodies that can accurately detect this important marker. They perform strongly in widely-used laboratory applications such as Western blot, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. We value your trust in us and are committed to providing top-quality products and services. All of our antibodies are guaranteed to work for the applications and species indicated on our website & associated product pages.
What Are The Key Applications of Phospho Antibodies?
1. Western Blotting
One of the first steps a researcher can take in utilizing these phospho-specific antibodies, is to check if the antibody works using a technique referred to as “Western blot”. For those unfamiliar, Western Blot aids in showing whether the protein that the antibody recognizes is appearing at the correct/expected size. These phospho-specific antibodies should also be able to detect changes in the target protein’s phosphorylation (on/off state) when cells are stimulated in certain ways.
2. Staining of Fixed Cells (Immunocytochemistry)
Another routine use of these phospho-specific antibodies, is to test if the antibody is able to demonstrate similar performance when used on fixed cells (intact cells that have been preserved) as it did in the Western blot tests. It is an important aspect in many cases to confirm that the antibody works in actual intact cell samples. Ideally, the method used for cellular fixation should be the same as what is used in pathology labs (like using 10% formalin). To check if the antibody works well in tissue sections (FFPE), researchers will often test it on fixed cells that are processed similar to tissue samples.
3. Specificity Tests Using Peptides
In order to make sure that the antibody is only binding to the right target:
Laboratory technicians will mix the antibody with phospho-peptides (short segments of the protein containing the phosphate group modification).
If the antibody signal disappears, it is confirmation that it is binding to the correct phosphorylated location.
A more robust test is to use both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated (dephosphorylated) versions of the protein. The antibody should react only with the phosphorylated one.
Another method sometimes utilized is to treat the sample with an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, that specifically removes phosphate groups. If the antibody signal disappears after this, it also confirms specificity.
4. Genetic Confirmation
As a final step, scientists can genetically manipulate the nucleotide sequence and alter the target protein by removing the exact site where phosphorylation happens. If the antibody no longer appears to detect the modified protein, it is strong evidence supporting the antibody being specific for that phosphorylated site.
Why Buy Phospho Antibodies Through Us?
The production laboratory adheres to strict and consistent protocols prior to releasing any of these phospho-specific antibodies:
Standard methods and proper controls in all tests to ensure high quality.
These antibodies are tested and validated in different cell types and species.
High quality control criterion to ensure each batch is consistent, so you will obtain reliable results every time.
FAQ
1. What Are Phospho-Specific Antibodies?
Phospho-specific antibodies are made to detect proteins only when they have a phosphate group linked to a specific amino acid residue. This empowers scientists understand if a protein is "turned on" or active, based on its phosphorylation state.
2. How to Detect Phosphorylated Proteins in a Western Blot?
To find out if a protein is phosphorylated using Western blot:
Use a phospho-specific antibody that binds only to the phosphorylated form of the protein.
You can also use a “regular” antibody for the same amino acid sequence of the protein that the phospho-specific antibody is binding to (but in this case, this antibody will not bind if there is a phosphate group present) in order to compare how much of it is phosphorylated versus how much is non-phosphorylated (or “total” protein, if the “normal” antibody’s epitopes are non-phospho-site-specific).
3. How to Choose the Best Antibody?
Here are some simple tips to help you pick the right antibody:
Know your target
Match your sample characteristics
Confirm the intended use is appropriate
Check “host” and “type”
Check the “quality” of the presented data/images
Appraise whether the available validation meets your needs
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